Visual assessment

General chemical resistance can be classified as short-, medium-, or long-time resistances. Changes in the coating are assessed visually. For standards, see Table 1 ( Chemical resistance ). Apparatus film thickness measuring equipment. 

To test a dye, dyed test specimen from both the sample dye and the standard are compared under conditions that are as identical as possible and assessed visually or colorimetrically and then calculated in relative terms to the standard. A widely used method to calculate color strength is a determination based on the weighted sum of the K/S values (K is the coefficient of absorption, S the coefficient of scatter), which is used in standard specifications [21],... 

Change in color and staining of undyed adjacent fabric are assessed visually or colorimetrically by comparison with a gray scale of dyed fabric (ISO 105-A02-A04). The results are recorded on a numbered scale ... 

Nicander, I., Rantanen, I., Rozell, B.L. et al. The ability of betaine to reduce the irritating effects of detergents assessed visually, histologically and by bioengineering methods. Skin Res. Technol. 2003 9 50-8. 

In many ways, colour, which is a sensation, should be assessed visually. On analogy with the treatment of odorants, Hofmann73 has taken a crucial step in this area by defining a colour dilution factor (CD) and a colour activity value (CAV). CD is the factor required for any solution of a colorant x to be diluted to its colour threshold. CAVX is the ratio of the concentration of x (jug kg-1) to its threshold concentration (jug kg-1)- The colour contribution of a component colorant to the colour of a mixture can then be defined as... 

This same winery also maintains the bottled wine in the warehouse for a minimum of thirty days prior to being released for distribution. Prior to release, samples are pulled at random from the warehouse, assessed visually, and tasted. In addition, a random selection of these wines is filtered through 0.45-micron filters and cultured for seventy-two hours to ensure that yeast or mold activity has not increased while in the warehouse. 

What are the causal relations between the structure of a food and its performance when assessed visually, organoleptically and in the delivery of its components to the human digestive tract ... 

The reports stated that the pretreatment records were within normal limits and the postexposure records, taken at various times, were also within normal limits. The records were assessed visually. The reports did not state the conditions of testing, nor is It clear how long after exposure the testing was done. 

H2O2 to the preparations in order to visualize the color change. If the color change cannot be assessed visually, it can be assessed spectrophoto-metrically (maximum absorbance of 510-550 nm). 

Visual field defects are difficult to detect by simple clinical examination, even in patients with severe constriction at perimetric assessment. Visual field testing should be done before treatment and at regular intervals thereafter. Patients should be questioned about visual disturbances and referred to an ophthalmologist if relevant symptoms are recognized. 

The CEB product was assessed visually (by colour), pH and water content, and settled for several days.. Several batches of 20 kg, comprising a mixture of both the upper and lower fraction, were produced to be used later in the small-scale combustion trials. Characteristics of the CEB are presented in Table 2. 

A recently developed technique for infant assessment is embodied in the Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence, which assesses visual recognition memory. In this test, an infant faces a display with two screens. On one screen, a visual stimulus is presented for a specified period of time. Subsequently, that visual stimulus is projected on one screen and, at the same time, another visual stimulus is projected onto another screen. An observer records the amount of time the infant spends gazing at each screen. Normal infants look away from the visual stimulus which they have already seen and spend more time gazing at the novel stimulus, a trait which has been shown to correlate with higher scores later in development on the Stanford-Binet intelligence test. 

Many industries regularly conduct repeat insult patch tests on human volunteers to evaluate topical irritancy. Groups of human volunteers are patched with test substance. One to five concentrations can be tested simultaneously, a wide enough range to yield results relevant to the usage. Cumulative skin irritancy is measured by applying patch applications each day for 3 weeks. Skin irritation is usually assessed visually, but blood flow and skin temperature can be measured objectively by laser Doppler flowmetry, ultrasound Doppler, heat flow disk measurement, sensitive thermocouple devices, or noncontact infrared radiative techniques. In these tests, dose-response curves can be obtained. Skin thickness can be measured with calipers as a measure of edema formation. 

Qualitative screening tests in which urine is reacted directly with Ehrlich s reagent and assessed visually for the formation of the red chromogen (e.g., the Watson-Schwartz and Hoesch tests) are convenient but have been criticized for poor detection limits and interferences, even when solvent extraction has been used to separate the PBG-Ehrlich compound from the urobilinogen-Ehrfich complex. ... 

Direct assessment follows a prescribed process found in industry standards. Direct assessment visually examines the pipeline at predetermined locations where there is a cause to believe that some corrosion or outside force damage has occurred. 

Each subject was tested on two fine-motor tasks, the Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT), which assesses visual-motor coordination, and the Static Motor Steadiness Test (SMST), which assesses hand steadiness. Each subject performed the task first with the dominant hand and then with the nondominant... 

Aggregation state can also be assessed visually, since cloudiness increases slightly as particle size increases, until flocculent white flaky masses, chunks, or threadlike particulates appear in the suspension. 

Several techniques have been used to produce the reaction, but basically the arthritic syndrome can be elicited by injecting killed mycobacteria in mineral oil into the plantar surface of the foot or intradermally into the tail. From the tenth day onwards the joints of one or all of the feet gradually become inflamed and are painful, particularly when pressure is applied other inflammatory lesions occur in the ears, tail and lungs. These reactions are present in a severe form up to about the thirtieth day, after which they begin to subside . The degree of inflammation can be assessed visually or by measuring the swelling with a micrometer. 

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