Salmonella assay or test

Physicochemical properties requked include melting/boiling point, vapor pressure, solubiUty, and flammabiUty/explosion characteristics. The toxicological studies include acute toxicity tests, oral, inhalation, and dermal skin and eye kritation skin sensiti2ation subacute toxicity, oral, inhalation, and dermal and mutagenicity tests. In vitro reverse mutation assay (Ames test) on Salmonella typhimurium and/or E.scherichia coli and mammalian cytogenic test. In vivo mouse micronucleus test. 

Brusick and Matheson (1976) reported that 1,1-dimethylhydrazine failed to increase reversions in Salmonella typhimurium or Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene mutation assays with or without metabolic activation. A concentration-related response was observed in the mouse lymphoma assay (with activation). Dominant lethal tests were negative. 

Acetonitrile was tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome preincubation assay. The tests were conducted using up to five Salmonella strains and in the presence and absence of rat or hamster liver S-9. All tests were negative for mutagenicity... 

No evidence of genotoxicity was observed in vitro with or without metabolic activation in the following assays microbial mutagen tests using mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli, Chinese hamster ovary forward mutation assay, unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat primary hepatocytes, chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells, and spindle inhibition in human lymphocytes. In addition, there was no evidence of genotoxicity in vivo in a mouse micronucleus test there was equivocal evidence of mutagenicity in a mouse domi nant lethal test. 

Benzyl alcohol was not mutagenic when tested by the preincubation protocol in the presence or absence of exogenous metabolic activation in the Salmonella assay. A significant increase in chromosomal aberrations was observed after exposure to benzyl alcohol in the presence, but not absence of S9. 

In this scheme a chemical Is subjected to an ln vitro battery of tests (the Salmonella assay and an assay for chromosome aberrations In mammalian cells In culture) to determine whether It Is a genotoxln In vitro and produces the type of genetic damage that can be detected by each of these assays. A positive result In one or both of the assays classifies the chemical as a genotoxln and the chemical Is then tested with a battery of In vivo assays. If both of the In vitro assays are negative, then the chemical Is tested In the appropriate battery of asays to detect nongenotoxlc carcinogens. 

No mutagenic activity of uva-ursi was seen in the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium or in the Bacillus subtilis rec-assay (ESCOP 2003 Hoffman-Bohm and Simon 1992). No mutagenicity of the compound arbutin was observed in rats subcutaneously administered 100 to 400 mg/kg daily (Itabashi et al. 1988). 

No mutagenic activity of water or methanol extracts of Asiatic dogwood were observed in the Bacillus subtUis rec assay or the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TAIOO with or without metabolic activation (Morimoto et al. 1982). 

Allspice oleoresin gave a positive result in the DNA-repair test but not in the Ames Salmonella reversion assay or the Bacillus subtilis rec assay (Sekizawa and Shibamoto 1982). Antimutagenicity via antioxidant activity of allspice was observed in the DPPH radical reduction assay and lipid peroxidation inhibition testing (Ramos et al. 2003). 

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