Saimiri sciureus

Miezek, K.A., and Gold, L. Ethologieal analysis of amphetamine aetion on soeial behavior in squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). In Miezek, K.A., ed. Ethopharmacology Primate Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. New York Liss, 1983. pp. 137-155. 

Studies were performed in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). This primate species was selected because of its size, availability, and prior use in neurotoxicity studies (Langston et al. 1984). Initial dose-response determinations were carried out using the following doses of MDMA ... 

Saimiri sciureus Squirrel monkey Charon 34 (Sau3A) Not screened Hayasaka (unpublished) J. L. Slightom (un-... 

Kazanji M, Tai taglia J, Franchini G, de Tlioisy B, Talaimiii A, Coii-tamin H, Gessain A, de Tlie G (2001) Immuiiogenicity and pro-tecdve efficacy of recombinant human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 NYVAC and naked DNA vaccine candidates in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). J Virol 75 5939—5948. 

Mord eux F, Kazanji M, Gabet AS, de Thoisy B, Wattel E (2001) Two-step nature of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 replica don in experimentally infected squirrel morrkeys (Saimiri sciureus). J Virol 75 1083-1089. 

There are two species of squirrel monkeys, the smallest of the New World monkeys. The common squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus) lives throughout most of South America s rain forest region. The red-backed squirrel monkey (5. oerstedii) occurs only in Panama and Costa Rica in the middle levels of the forest, where they eat primarily fruit, though they also use their narrow, sharply pointed teeth to devour small insects. Some authorities regard the red-backed squirrel monkey as a subspecies of the common squirrel monkey. 

Kazanji M, Moreau IP, Mahieux R, Bonnemains B, Bomford R, Gessain A, de The G (1997) HTLV-I infection in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) using autologous, homologous, or heterologous HTLV-I-transformed cell lines. Virology 231 258-266. 

Figure 4. Two-dimensional embeding of some primates. 1, Lemur catta 2, Homo 3, Pan 4, Gorilla 5, Pongo 6, Hylobates 7, Macaca fuscata 8, M. mulatto 9, M. fascicularis 10, M. sylvanus 11, Saimiri sciureus 12, Tarsius syrichta.

Dykes RW, Sur M, Merzenich MM, Kaas JH, Nelson RJ. 1981. Regional segregation of neurons responding to quickly adapting, slowly adapting, deep and pacinian receptors within thalamic ventroposterior lateral and ventroposterior inferior nuclei in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Neurosci 6 1687-1692. 

Marsh RF, Kincaid AE, Bessen RA et al (2005) Interspecies transmission of chronic wasting disease prions to squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). J Virol 79 13794—13796... 

Complementary staining patterns were described for cytochrome oxidase in Saimiri sciureus and rat by Leclerc et al. (1990), for the distribution of P-path-immunoreactive (Edwards et al., 1989, see below) Purkinje cells in the mouse by Hawkes (1992), Leclerc et al. (1992) and Edwards et al. (1994) and for 3-fucosyl-N-acetyl-lactosamine (CDu) in mouse Bergmann glia (Fig. 94) (Bartsch and Mai, 1991 Marani and Mai, 1992). 

Fig. 148. Compartmentation in AChE-stained transverse sections of the flocculus, the ventral paraflocculus and the petrosal lobule and the caudal hemisphere of Saimiri sciureus. Note AChE stained borders of the compartments and the differential staining in the molecular layer AChE-positive cells of the basal interstitial nucleus of Langer are located along the borders of the compartments C2, 1 and 2 in (D) and (E). Group y is located within the floccular peduncle in (E), ANS = ansiform lobule br.p = brachium pontis c.rest = restiform body Cl-3 = C21-3 compartments D = dentate nucleus Dl,2 = Dl,2 compartments F = fastgial nucleus fis.post.lat = posterolateral fissure FLOC = flocculus lA = anterior interposed nucleus IP = posterior interposed nucleus Ib.petr = petrosal lobule PFLD = dorsal paraflocculus PFLV = ventral paraflocculus. Courtesy of Dr. D.T. Hess.

The organization of the olivocerebellar projection to the anterior vermis in primates appears to be similar to the cat (Brodal and Brodal, 1981 Whitworth and Haines, 1986b) (Fig. 178). Olivocerebellar projections to the A, X and B zones were identified in a preliminary report on Macaca fascicularis by Voogd et al. (1987a,b, 1990). The projection to the A zone resembles the situation in the cat with respect to the presence of A[ and A2 subzones. Olivocerebellar projections to the X zone take their origin from intermediate levels of the MAO, that also project to the C2 zone. A collateral projection to Deiters nucleus detaches from olivocerebellar fibers to the B zone. Projections from the DAO and the dorsal and ventral leaf to the hemisphere of the anterior lobe were described by Brodal and Brodal (1981) in macaque monkeys and C, C2 and C3 and D zones were identified by Whitworth and Haines (1986) in the olivocerebellar projection to the anterior lobe in Saimiri sciureus. 

Fig. 195. Diagrammatic representation of the location of parasagittal zones defined by dense collections of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF)-immunoreactive axons in sections of the cerebellum of Saimiri sciureus. Black areas in indicate zones in which a high density of labelled axons was evident in the molecular layer of each folium. The sparse stipple indicates the remaining molecular layer with its moderate density of labelled axons. The dense stipple indicates the location of the granular layer, and unshaded areas indicate the location of white matter. Cerebellar lobules are indicated with Roman numerals. Cha and Foote (1988).

Some CRF-positive mossy fibers can be labelled in monkeys Saimiri sciureus and Macaca fasciculara, Foote and Cha, 1988) but they seem to be less frequent than in other mammalian species. Some of these CRF-immunoreactive rosettes may originate as collaterals from the climbing fibers in these species. 

Cha Cl, Foote SL (1988) Corticotropin-releasing factor in olivocerebellar climbing-fiber system of monkey (Saimiri sciureus and Macaca fascicularis) Parasagittal and regional organization visualized by immu-nohistochemistry. J. Neuroscl, 8, 4121-4137. 

Foote SL, Cha Cl (1988) Distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in brainstem of two monkeys species (Saimiri sciureus and Macaca fascicularis) An immunohistochemical study. J. Comp. Neurol, 276, 239-264. 

Haines DE, Dietrichs E (1984) An HRP study ofhypothalamo-cerebellar and cerebello-hypothalamic connections in squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). J. Comp. Neurol, 229, 559-570. 

Haines DE, Dietrichs E (1991) Evidence of an x zone in lobule V of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) cerebellum The distribution of corticonuclear fibers. Anat. Embryol, 184, 255-268. 

Gysin, J., Hommel, M., and da Silva, L. P. (1980). Experimental infection of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) with Plasmodium falciparum.. Parasitol. 66,1003-1009. 

A novel 2-fluorenonyl carbapenem antibiotic, when injected intravenously to rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulata) for 2-4 weeks induced a hemolytic anemia (extravascular hemolysis, splenomegaly, Coombs test positive for IgG, and up to 25% reduction in the erythron). After 3 weeks of recovery, the erythron had returned to normal after additional 2 months the animals were Coombs test negative. Of note, other species tested, i.e., rats, mice, and squirrel monkeys Saimiri sciureus) did not show any sensitivity to the drug, suggesting an increased sensitivity in rhesus monkeys compared to other species (Lankas et al.,1996). 

LASKA, M HUDSON, R., Discriminating parts from the whole - determinants of odor mixture perception in squirrel-monkeys, Saimiri-sciureus. J. Comp. Phys. A, 1993, 173, 249-256. 

In opposition, leukemias of the New Word monkeys (marmosets, tamarins) are caused by herpesviruses. The reticuloendothelial virus sequence-carrier Marek s avian (turkeys) herpesvirus represents a unique unison of the two viral taxa reviewed in [27]. The genome of the gammaherpesvirus of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), Herpesvirus saimiri, operates from its epigenomic position by emitting small RNAs inhibitory to host cell mRNAs. The H. saimiri genomic tip-484 (tyrosine kinase interacting protein) constitutively activates host ceU Lck (Src family member lymphocyte-specific p56 protein tyrosine kinase) and STAT to... 

S.S., Saimiri sciureus (squirrel monkey) M.r., Macaca radiata M.f., Macaca fascicularis M.m., Macaca mulatta M.a., Macaca assamensis. 

An earlier study done with squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) showed the presence of myocardial lipid droplets after 1 week on a diet which contained either HEAR oil or a lard/corn oil mixture (Beare-Rogers and Nera, 1972). After 10 weeks on the diet, more lipidosis was seen in the squirrel monkeys fed HEAR oil than in the ones that received the lard/corn oil mixture. 

It is difficult to assess the relationship of HEAR oils and other oils high in docosenoic acid content to the development of focal myocardial degenerative lesions in the monkey. In a recent study, a series of 312 hearts were selected at random from monkeys used in unrelated toxicological studies (Qureshi, 1979). The monkeys, which included squirrel (Saimiri sciureus) cynomolgus Macaca fascicularis), rhesus Macaca mulatta) and assam (Ma-caca assamensis) monkeys were of both sexes. Chronic interstitial myocarditis was found in 34% of the monkeys, approximately evenly distributed in males and females (Table IX). The lesions varied from slight necrosis to myocarditis with focal accumulation of lymphocytes, mononuclear cells, plasma cells, and some eosinophiles. Inflammation of the myocardium was distributed throughout the heart. These lesions, which occur frequently in primates, apparently are not related to bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections, but may be related to, and precipitated by, stress (Qureshi, 1979 Soto et al., 1964). 

Beare-Rogers and Nera (1972) fed squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) HEAR oil at 10% and 20% of the diet for 1- and 10-week periods. Each monkey heart was sliced laterally through the apex and the ventral portion was examined histologically. Lipidosis was demonstrated in the hearts of all monkeys at 1 week including those fed the control diet. Lipidosis was still present in one of three monkeys fed HEAR oil at the 10% level and in two of two monkeys fed the same oil at the 20% level at 10 weeks. They reported the presence of cardiac fibrosis in both monkeys fed HEAR oil at 20% for 10 weeks but did not describe the lesions. 

Falk, L.A., L.G. Wolfe, and F. Deinhardt. 1973. Herpesvirus saimiri experimental infection of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 51 165-170. 

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