Neurotoxicity studying

Ricaurte GA, Yuan J, McCann UD +/- 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine ( ecstasy )-induced serotonin neurotoxicity studies in animals. Neuropsychobiology 42 5-10, 2000... 

Dimethyltin/monomethyltin neurotoxicity studies (2 x go day one drinking-water, one food) were performed using mixtures. The NOAEL is based on measured dimethyltin intake. Dimethyltin is assumed to be the more neurotoxic of the two. The suggested TDI for monomethyltin is therefore highly conservative. 

Maier WE, Costa LG. 1990. Sodium, potassium-ATPase in rat brain and erythrocytes as a possible target and marker, respectively, for neurotoxicity studies with chlordecone, organotins and mercury compounds. Toxicol Lett 51 175-188. 

Table 2 summarizes results of neurotoxicity studies that have utilized the same regimen of drug injections (twice daily for 4 days) and survival times (2 weeks). In addition, the ability of these drugs to suppress milk intake in rats is also presented. It is clear that ring-substituted amphetamines are more potent in terms of absolute dose required to reduce amine content than is the parent compound amphetamine. With regard to relative potency, METH is toxic to DA and 5-HT neurons at doses that are more than tenfold higher than doses that produce anorexia, whereas fenfluramine,... 

Studies were performed in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). This primate species was selected because of its size, availability, and prior use in neurotoxicity studies (Langston et al. 1984). Initial dose-response determinations were carried out using the following doses of MDMA ... 

Ciba-Geigy Ltd. 1973. Pydraul 50E Neurotoxicity study in domestic hens. Ciba-Geigy Limited, Basle, Switzerland. 

FMC. 1977a Neurotoxicity study in hens on commercially available phosphate ester products II. Monsanto. ICD/T-77-047. FMC Corporation, Princeton, NJ, 1-17. 

FMC. 1986. The subchronic (90-day) neurotoxicity study of C8096-126-1 phosphate ester to the domestic hen. FCC 45/84526. FMC Corporation, Philadelphia, PA. 

Healy CE, Beyrouty PC, Broxup BR. 1995. Acute and subchronic neurotoxicity studies with tri-n-butyl phosphate in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Am Ind Hyg Assoc, 56 349-355. 

Monsanto. 1979. Summaries of mutagenicity studies, neurotoxicity studies, teratology studies, long term feeding studies, and 90-day inhalation studies on aryl phosphate ester products. 

Monsanto. 1987c. In vivo/in vitro neurotoxicity studies of Skydrol LD-4 in adult hens with mixtures of butyl diphenyl phosphate, dibutyl phenyl phosphate and tributyl phosphate. 

Monsanto. 1987d. In vivo/in vitro neurotoxicity studies of Skydrol 500B-4. 

EPA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Developmental Neurotoxicity Study, Health Effects Test Guidelines, OPPTS 870.6300, EPA 712-C-98-239, 1998c. http //www.epa. gov/opptsfrs/OPPTS Harmonized/870 Health Effects Test Guidelines/Series/870-6300. pdf... 

US Environmental Protection Agency (2010) Pyrethroids evaluation of data from developmental neurotoxicity studies and consideration of comparative sensitivity. EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0378-0010. http //www.regulations.gov/ documentDetail D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0378-0010. Accessed 15 Feb 2011... 

Ladefoged O, Roswall K, Larsen J-J. 1994. Acetone potentiation and influence on the reversibility of 2,5-hexanedione-induced neurotoxicity studied with behavioral and morphometric methods in rats. Pharmacol Toxicol 74 294-299. 

Hixson EJ. 1983. Acute delayed neurotoxicity study on disulfoton. Toxicology report no. 365 (Study no. 82-418-01). Mobay Chemical Corporation, Environmental Health Research Institute, Stilwell, Kansas. 

Neurotoxicity Study in Rodents (Original Guideline, adopted 21 July 1997)... 

Developmental Neurotoxicity Study, Draft New Guideline (September 2003)... 

The delayed neurotoxicity study of organophosphoms substances provides information on the delayed neurotoxicity arising from a single exposure. The smdy is used in the assessment and evaluation of the neurotoxic effects of organophosphoms substances (Section 4.7.7.3.1). 

Combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test 424 Neurotoxicity study in rodents... 

In the neurotoxicity study (OECD TG 424/EU Annex B.43), the animals are tested to allow the detection or the characterization of behavioral and/or neurological abnormalities. A range of behaviors that could be affected by neuro toxic ants is assessed during each observation period. At the end of the test, a subset of animals of each sex from each group are perfused in situ and sections of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves are prepared and examined. 

In the delayed neurotoxicity study (OECD TG 419/OPPTS 870.6100/EU Annex B.38), the animals are observed at least daily for behavioral abnormalities, ataxia, and paralysis, until 14 days after the last dose. Biochemical measurements, in particular neuropathy target esterase (NTE), are undertaken on hens randomly selected from each group (normally 24 and 48 h) after the last dose. Two weeks after the last dose, the remainder of the hens are killed and histopathological examination of selected neural tissues is undertaken. 

The neurotoxicity studies will provide information on major neurobehavioral and neuropatho-logical effects in adult rodents. The protocol for the OECD/EU test guideline studies has been developed so that it can be tailored to meet particular needs to confirm the specific histopathological and behavioral neurotoxicity of a substance as well as to provide a characterization and quantification of the neurotoxic responses, and can thus form the basis for an estimate of a NOAEL for neurotoxicity. See also Section 4.7.7. 

Other types of reproductive toxicity studies, e.g., the prenatal developmental toxicity study, the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening study, and the developmental neurotoxicity study (Section 4.10.3) may give some indications of general toxicological effects arising from repeated exposure over a relatively limited period of the animal s life span as clinical signs of toxicity and... 

Developmental Neurotoxicity Study (US-EPA OPPTS 870.6300/OECD TG 426 Draft of September 2003) (Section 4.10.3.1)... 

The developmental neurotoxicity test (OECD TG 426 Draft, US-EPA OPPTS 870.6300) can be conducted as a separate study, incorporated into a reproductive toxicity study and/or adult neurotoxicity study, or added onto a prenatal developmental toxicity study. 

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