Monkey squirrel

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration The BASIS Report Marijuana Use Secondary to Other Substances of Abuse. Rockville, MB, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2003 Tanda G, Munzar P, Goldberg SR Self-administration behaviour is maintained by the psychoactive ingredient of marijuana in squirrel monkeys. Nat Neurosci 3 1073— 1074, 2000... 

Wood RW, Grubman J, Weiss B Nitrous oxide self-administration by the squirrel monkey. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 202 491 99, 1977 Wood RW, Coleman JB, Schuler R, et al Anticonvulsant and antipunishment effects of toluene. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 230 407 12, 1984 World Health Organization The lCD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1992... 

Van Gelder, G.A. and Cunningham, W.L. (1975). The effects of low level dieldrin exposure on the EEG and learning ability of the squirrel monkey. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 33, 142, Abstract No. 50. 

Squirrel monkey aorta smooth muscle cells Rat peritoneal macrophages (6)... 

Low acute amphetamine doses enhance pain-induced aggressive/defensive reactions in mice, rats, and squirrel monkeys (Kostowski 1966 Hoffmeister and Wuttke 1969 Crowley 1972 Powell et al. 1973 Emley and Hutchinson 1972 Emley and Hutchinson 1983). For example, squirrel monkeys subjected to electric shocks to their tails, bite a rubber hose more frequently after being administered amphetamine (0.06 to 1.0 mg/kg, SC) (Emley and Hutchinson 1972 Emley and Hutchinson 1983 Hutchinson et al. 1977). In rats, these pain-induced aggressive/defensive responses increase with doses of 0.1 to 1.0 mg/kg (Crowley 1972). 

In situations of social conflict, amphetamine increases the frequeney of escape and defensive responses to threats and attacks by a stimulus animal in mice, rats, cats, rhesus monkeys, and squirrel monkeys in a dose-dependent manner (Hoffmeister and Wuttke 1969 Crowley et al. 1974 Miczek and O Donnell 1978 Miczek 1979 Schlemmer and Davis 1981 Haber et al. 1981). Even in the absence of a distinctive behavioral stimulus from an opponent, amphetamine induces escape and defensive responses in mice. Krsiak considered these unprovoked defensive and escape responses as signs of timidity (Krsiak 1975 Krsiak 1979 Poschlova et al. 1977). 

Antagonism of several characteristic effects of amphetamine and cocaine by the alpha adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin is a most recent example of noradrenergic mechanisms in the actions of psychomotor stimulants (Tessel and Barrett 1986). We investigated whether or not prazosin may attenuate the disruptive effects of amphetamine on social and aggressive behavior in mice and squirrel monkeys (Miczek, unpublished observations). Pretreatment with prazosin (0.4 mg/kg) attenuated the disruption of attack... 

In experiments with mice and squirrel monkeys, we confirmed and extended the antagonism of amphetamine-induced motor hyperactivity by naltrexone at the same time, however, amphetamine s disruption of aggressive and social behavior was not reversed by naltrexone (Winslow and Miczek, in press). Specifically, in mice, the resident s attack and threat behavior toward an intruder was even further reduced by amphetamine after naltrexone pretreatment (figure 7). Squirrel monkeys that are dominant within their social group exhibit significantly lower levels of aggressive display toward other group members and initiate fewer social interactions after amphetamine treatment naltrexone did not block these effects. The interactive effects of amphetamine and naltrexone on locomotor behavior are consistent with the proposed modulation of dopamine-mediated functions by opioids however, the interaction between amphetamine and naltrexone on social behavior appears to involve a different mechanism. 

Miezek, K.A., and Gold, L. Ethologieal analysis of amphetamine aetion on soeial behavior in squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). In Miezek, K.A., ed. Ethopharmacology Primate Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. New York Liss, 1983. pp. 137-155. 

Winslow, J.T., and Miczek, K.A. Naltrexone blocks amphetamine-induced hyperactivity, but not disruption of social and agonistic behavior in mice and squirrel monkeys. Psychopharmacology 95 92-98, 1988. 

Langston, J.W. Fomo, L.S. Rebert, C.S. and Irwin, I. Selective nigral toxicity after systemic administration of 1-methy 1-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetra-hydropyrine (MFTP) in the squirrel monkey. Brain Res 292 390-394, 1984. 

Studies were performed in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). This primate species was selected because of its size, availability, and prior use in neurotoxicity studies (Langston et al. 1984). Initial dose-response determinations were carried out using the following doses of MDMA ... 

Boinski S. (1992). Olfactory communication among Costa Rican squirrel monkeys a field study. Folia Primatol 59, 127-136. 

Hennessy M.B. (1980). Androgen related behavior in Squirrel monkey an issue that is nothing to sneeze at. Behav Neural Biol 30, 103-108. 

Laska M. and Hudson R. (1995). Ability of female Squirrel Monkeys to discriminate between conspecific urine odours. Ethology 99, 39-52. 

Brady, K.T. Balster, R.L. and May, E.L. Discriminative stimulus properties of stereoisomers of N-allylnormetazocine in phencyclidine-trained squirrel monkeys and rats. Science 215 178-180, 1982. 

Katz, J.L. Spealman, R.D. and Clark, R.D. Stereoselective behavioral effects of N-al lylnormetazocine in pigeons and squirrel monkeys. J. Pharmacol Exp Ther 232 452-461, 1985. 

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