Degenerative lesions

Pernicious anemia must be diagnosed and treated as soon as possbte because vitamin B12 deficiency that is allowed to progress for more than 3 months may result in degenerative lesions of the spinal cord. 

Liver contained 156 (68-563) pg PCB 126/kg FW pronounced liver enlargement lymphoid depletion of spleen 10-fold increase in hepatic microsomal EROD and benzyoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase 5-fold increase in methoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase Liver had 380 pg PCB 126/kg FW with increasing necrosis above effects plus decreased bone growth, decreased spleen weight, and degenerative lesions of thyroid Liver had 1.1 (0.6-4.5) mg PCB 126/kg FW above effects plus decreased body weight, decreased hepatic thiol concentrations, and increased plasma enzyme activities... 

Inhalation experiments in rabbits and mice showed diffuse degenerative lesions of the brain in rabbits (but not the mouse) that died after exposure to 15 mg/m3 (0.36 ppm) of endrin for 118 days over a 185-day period (Treon et al. 1955). Seizures were not observed prior to death. Ressang et al. (1959) reported slight degenerative lesions of ganglion cells in the brains of cats exposed to a lethal concentration of endrin via inhalation. No studies were located regarding neurological effects in humans or animals after inhalation exposure to endrin aldehyde or endrin ketone. 

Cardiovascular Effects. Only limited reports of cardiovascular toxicity of endrin were located. Diffuse degenerative lesions of the heart were observed in dogs administered lethal doses of endrin (Treon et al. 1955), and enlarged hearts were observed at sublethal doses. The health significance of these finding is unclear, as the effects were not observed in other animal species. 

Renal Effects. Lethal doses of endrin caused diffuse degenerative lesions in the kidneys of dogs, mice, rabbits, and rats administered endrin (Treon et al. 1955). Renal histopathologic effects were also observed in rats, mice, and hamsters (Hassan et al. 1991). 

Effects Noted in Study and Corresponding Doses Doses of 0.20 mg/kg/day and greater resulted in neurotoxicity evidenced by convulsions, tremors, and degenerative lesions in the brain and systemic toxicity which included renal tubular necrosis, respiratory distress and pulmonary edema, and diffuse degenerative lesions of the heart. One animal administered diet corresponding to 0.20-0.27 mg/kg/day died after 47 days of feeding. 

Exposure to 0, 5, 25, or 75ppm 6 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 13 weeks produced slight degenerative lesions of the nasal mucosa in rats at the high dose but none at 2 5 ppm. In contrast, lesions of the nasal mucosa appeared in at least some of the mice at all dose levels but not in the control. 

The minimal lethal dose in mice by subcutaneous injection was 180mg/kg animals developed progressive cyanosis and dyspnea before death at autopsy there were degenerative lesions in the liver, kidneys, and other organs, with evidence of vascular damage. ... 

In this context, it is reasonable to address the longstanding rejection of the term hepatosis. Even if the objections to the term hepatosis as defined by R. Rossle (1929) (s. p. 404) are absolutely justified, it is nevertheless true to say the primary degenerative lesions of the liver cell are of central significance — they can be considered as the key to the development of multiple functional and structural patterns of damage. 

Myocardium Copper deposits in the myocardium causes interstitial fibrosis, the sclerosing of small vessels and focal inflammatory or degenerative lesions. This results in cardiac arrhythmia and cardiomyopathy. 

Ingested furfural has produced liver cirrhosis in rats. Rabbits exposed to vapors for several hours a day manifested hepatic and renal lesions and modifications in blood picture. Administration of a single lethal dose produced a pronounced inhibitory effect on the medullary vegetative centers and brain nuclei with signs of congestion in liver, kidneys, and brain, with degenerative lesions in liver and kidneys. 

Tobe et al. (1989) also saw forestomach hyperkeratosis at a drinking-water dose of 50 mg/kg/day and severe degenerative lesions in the epithelimn of the forestomach and glandular stomach at 300 mg/kg/day in male and female Wistar exposed for up to 24 months. 

Deficiency of vitamin A leads to degenerative lesions in the epithelium, xerophthalmia being the classical vitamin A deficiency disease. The drug-equivalent uses of vitamin A can be seen in Table 1. 

It is difficult to assess the relationship of HEAR oils and other oils high in docosenoic acid content to the development of focal myocardial degenerative lesions in the monkey. In a recent study, a series of 312 hearts were selected at random from monkeys used in unrelated toxicological studies (Qureshi, 1979). The monkeys, which included squirrel (Saimiri sciureus) cynomolgus Macaca fascicularis), rhesus Macaca mulatta) and assam (Ma-caca assamensis) monkeys were of both sexes. Chronic interstitial myocarditis was found in 34% of the monkeys, approximately evenly distributed in males and females (Table IX). The lesions varied from slight necrosis to myocarditis with focal accumulation of lymphocytes, mononuclear cells, plasma cells, and some eosinophiles. Inflammation of the myocardium was distributed throughout the heart. These lesions, which occur frequently in primates, apparently are not related to bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections, but may be related to, and precipitated by, stress (Qureshi, 1979 Soto et al., 1964). 

Degenerative lesions seen in the hearts of swine fed various rapeseed oils bear no relationship to the diets fed. 

In degenerative lesions this technique may be used to demonstrate bony ankylosis, and destruc-tional deformity of the mandibular head or the joint fossa (Ray et al. 1993). 

Musculoskeletal problems are injuries that may be a consequence of an accident at work. Therefore, this study revealed that the vast majority of workers at the shop, shown more symptoms of pain or discomfort in the area of the back and cervical region. In many work tasks performed daily, the column is maintained in stress (axial rotation) which becomes a factor conductive to situations of low back pain and degenerative lesions of the disks (Bolonha, et al., 2012). 

---