Safety knowledge review

Management should perform a JSA on all woik tasks to determine anployee compliance. This is the Safety Knowledge Review section of the program that is nsed to examine employees safety knowledge associated with their job function. Using the grinding wheel as an example, the following questions conld be asked when appropriate or on an annual basis  

When using the grinding wheel what is the proper eye protection yon should wear  

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)-approved dust proof goggles should be worn to protect my eyes when using the grinding wheel. 

Check for the shield to be in place. Check the wheel for any defects, cracks, loose nuts, etc. Check the power cord for frayed wire, and damaged plug, etc. 

Safety knowledge reviews and work observations should be routinely performed by the supervisor to measure the effectiveness of the company s safety program, training, PPE, compliance etc. At a minimum, the work observation form should include the employee s name, job title, year/date, supervisor name, work task(subject observed), OK/deviation, comments, and corrective action. This documentation should be maintained in the employee personnel file or a computerized file designed for this purpose. This information will be helpful in evaluating the company s accident prevention plan and will be used during an OSHA audit to document the company s safety training requirements. 

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Other avenues for increasing process safety knowledge exist. Previously unrecognized potential hazards and latent properties of materials are written about in industry and technical journals. Peer-reviewed research work in the area of process safety is published in several international scientific journals. Manufacturers and suppliers of process equipment often publicize previously unrecognized failure modes. Additional information on case histories can be found in Chapter 15. 

The introduction of this knowledge and a presentation of these methods are the objective of this book. In the present chapter, the essential theoretical aspects of thermal process safety are reviewed. Often-used fundamental concepts of thermodynamics are presented in the first section with a strong focus on process safety. In the second section, important aspects of chemical kinetics are briefly reviewed. The third section is devoted to the heat balance, which also governs chemical... 

Nevertheless, some other studies have tried to explain why the curve of development (fatality rates) declines downwards as been noted in many countries and shown in Smeed s formula. The studies have analysed the factors and measures that influence the development of the curve of road safety. A review of these studies is reported by (Elvik Vaa, 2004) and (Hakim, 1991). Besides, Minter (1987) and Oppe (1991b) showed that Smeed s law is a result of a national learning process over time. The development in society at the national level is the result from the developments at the local level. In other words, the individuals (road users) can learn by experience in traffic where they improve their driving skills and knowledge, while the whole society can learn by better national policy and action plans. The Figure shown here illustrates these factors on the development curve of road safety. 

The major benefits of a JSA come after its completion. Supervisors can learn more about the jobs they supervise and can use JSAs for training new employees. JSAs provide a list of steps needed to perform the job and identify the procedures and equipment needed to do it safely. Employees can use JSAs for improved safety knowledge and as reviews before performing unfamiliar jobs. Supervisors occasionally observe employees as they perform the jobs for which the analysis was developed. If any procedural deviations are observed, the supervisor alerts the employee and reviews the job operation. 

A safety design review process will not be effective until the participants in the review team have acquired knowledge of hazards and risks and agreed on the risk assessment methods and risk assessment matrix to be used. Chapter 7, A Primer on Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment, serves as a basis for the education of team members. Also, a safety design review process can be successfiilly applied only if senior management has been convinced of its value. 

Crucial to the success of the UAW-GM joint process was the inclusion of the hourly skilled trades and production personnel, who were extensively involved in the task-based risk assessments. This involvement was based on the premise that the person who does a job every day has intimate knowledge of it and can make meaningful contributions on how a job or process can be changed to make it safer. (The TABRA process has matured now, internally developed computer-based software is used in the safety design review process and for recordkeeping.)... 

Four techniques will be discussed to help with these problems. They are Job Safety Analysis, Job Safety Training, Knowledge Reviews, and Work Observations. 

The two levels of NAAQS, primary and secondary, are Hsted in Table 3. Primary standards were set to protect pubHc health within an adequate margin of safety secondary standards, where appHcable, were chosen to protect pubHc welfare, including vegetation. According to the CAA, the scientific bases for the NAAQS are to be reviewed every 5 years so that the NAAQS levels reflect current knowledge. In practice, however, the review cycle takes considerably longer. 

If a PSSR is extensive, the PSSR team should include a toller company engineer and an engineer from the client. In addition, an operations supervisory representative and operations personnel with appropriate knowledge and skills along with a maintenance and safety representative may also be included on the team. The PSSR leader must ensure enough manpower and expertise is available on the team to review the new facilities and major modifications thoroughly. 

The audit includes a review of the process safety information, inspection of the physical facilities, and interviews with all levels of plant personnel. Using the procedures and checklist, the team systematically analyzes compliance with the PSM Rule and any other relevant corporate policies. The training program is reviewed for adequacy of content, frequency and effectiveness of training. Interviews determine employee knowledge and awareness ofthe safety procedures, duties, rules, and emergency response assignments. The team identifies deficiencies in the application of safety and health policies, procedures, and work authorization practices to determine live actions. 

The aforementioned reviews and assessments were assimilated to characterize the effect of dielectric, rotational, and mechanical hazards on motor performance and operational readiness. Functional indicators were identified that can be monitored to assess motor component deterioration caused by aging or other accidental stressors. The study also includes a preliminary discussion of current standards and guides, maintenance programs, and research activities pertaining to nuclear power plant safety-related electric motors. Included are motor manufacturer recommendations, responses from repair facilities to a questionnaire, in-service inspection data, expert knowledge, USNRC-IE audit reports, and standards and guides published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). 

The commonly used management systems directed toward eliminating the existence of hazards include safety reviews, safety audits, hazard identification techniques, checklists, and proper application of technical knowledge. 

Whether the mentioned needs in our production systems can be met by organic agriculture is still unknown and under discussions. This article is a review of some of the current state of knowledge regarding ecological, environmental, food safety, human health and quality aspects of organic agriculture. 

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