Effective Safety Culture

Table 3.6, but the Management Safety Culture effect is relatively small and statistically insignificant, unlike the Management Safety Culture effect of Table 3.6. Moreover, increases in Intensity of Employee Participation or in Information Sharing lower expected costs in Table 3.2 s middle column but have a positive effect in Table 3.6.

Many safety systems focus on the consequence of loss and not the control. This is a reactive safety culture. Effective risk assessment is proactive, predictive safety in the finest form. In risk assessment the key is, It s not what happened, but what could have happened. ... 

Possible solutions to all these stressors have been addressed throughout this book and involve the creation of a positive health and safety culture, effective training and consultation procedures and a set of health and safety arrangements which work on a day-to-day basis. 

Where an effective informal system exists and is followed, the issue is one of style, not substance. A facility or unit may have a strong safety culture and sound safety practices, but its managers lack the habit of form documentation, or simply don t think it is important. Assuming that safety performance meets applicable standards, you will probably assign cases like these a relatively low priority, compared with other noncompliance situations. Cases like these are also often the easiest to fix since the fundamentals are already in place, what s required is simply to formalize the informal system by preparing and implementing documentation procedures. 

Traditional accident models were devised to explain losses caused by failures of physical devices (chain or tree of failure events) in relatively simple systems. They are less useful for explaining accidents in software-intensive systems and for non-technical aspects of safety such as organizational culture and human decision-making. Creation of an infrastructure based on which safety analysis can function efficiently and effectively is needed. A so called safety culture for a development company and processes associated with routine tasks there, in general, is now identified as an area of root cause of accidents and that there is the greatest... 

An example of the role(s) that primate research has played is in the development of the poliomyelitis vaccines. Although many studies on poliomyelitis in humans were conducted in the late nineteenth century, the cause of the disease remained unknown until scientists succeeded in transmitting the virus to monkeys in 1908. There followed many years of research with primates until scientists were able, in the early 1950s, to grow the virus in human cell cultures and development of a vaccine became possible. At that point in time, in order to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines, tests were conducted with monkeys. Furthermore, in order to produce the vaccines in pure form in great quantities, it was necessary to use kidney tissue taken from monkeys. Today, an alternative to the use of monkey kidneys has been developed for the production of the vaccine. 

Different metrics may be used to describe past performance, predict future performance, and encourage behavioral change. They are a means to evaluate the overall system performance and to develop a path toward superior process safety performance. This is accomplished by identifying where the current performance falls within a spectrum of excellent-to-poor performance. Such information will allow executives and site management to develop plans to address the specific improvement opportunities that could lead to measurable improvement in process safety. Good process safety metrics reinforce a process safety culture that promotes the belief that process safety incidents are preventable, that improvement is continuous, and that policies and procedures are necessary and will be followed. Continuous improvement is necessary and any improvement program will be based on measurable elements. Therefore, to continuously improve performance, organizations must develop and implement effective process safety metrics. 

As noted, socialization processes are likely to be perceived in a similar way to prestart training. That is, if an organization has a socialization process where new employees are introduced to safety policy and procedures, it might be reasonable to assume that this will have a positive impact on the new employee s safety-related behavior on the job. A study by Mullen (2004) supported this proposition, finding that early socialization processes could have a positive influence on safety behavior. Of course, socialization processes may have no effect at all. A new employee, who is asked during socialization to learn the organization s safety policy and procedures, understand the organization s emphasis on safety (its safety culture in the form of norms, beliefs, roles, attitudes, and practices), and learn how to complete appropriate forms (such as hazard sheets, near miss reports), may simply not achieve these expected outcomes. To help increase the chances that socialization will have a positive impact on new employees safety, best practice should be adopted. 

Burke, M. J., Chan-Serafln, S., Salvador, R., Smith, A., Sarpy, S. A. (2008). The role of national culture and organizational climate in safety training effectiveness. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 17(1), 133-152. 

Harvey, J., Bolam, H. D., Gregory, D., Erdos, G. (2001). The effectiveness of training to change safety culture and attitudes within a highly regulated environment. Personnel Review, 30, 615-646. 

Trust plays a central role in safety (Conchie et al. 2006). Studies have shown links between positive safety outcomes, and tmst in management (e.g., DePasquale and Geller 1999 Kath et al. 2010 Luria 2010), and tmst in co-workers (e.g., Tharaldsen et al. 2010). Tmst is also a key aspect of a positive safety culture (Bums et al. 2006), influences safety attitudes (Walker 2013), and influences the effectiveness of risk communication (Conchie and Bums 2008 Twyman et al. 2008). While there are clear safety benefits associated with tmst, safety benefits can also come from distmst (Conchie and Donald 2008), and this is likely to particularly be the case in relation to new employees in their initial period of employment. Tmst can reduce an... 

Rather than discussing the implementation of various regulations or seeking to evaluate the effectiveness of safety management systems against templates of best practice, it considers how people think about safety, what it means to them and how they go on to collectively use those ideas in their everyday work. This could also be deemed an evaluation of construction site safety culture, a notoriously problematic term and one that is discussed in more... 

Cherishing life, preventing disaster, protecting the physical and mental health and safety of people is the key to promote economic development, social security and national stability. The core and the basic requirements of scientific development concept determine that the people-oriented takes human life first. In coal mine, as a high-risk industry, it is required to use more safe development to build consensus, strengthen the construction of safety culture, and enhance initiative and effectiveness. 

The culture, formation and development of safety culture idea directly affect the process of safety production and relate the survival and development of enterprises. Therefore, in the process of coal production, to establish the safety concept is the first. Only the formation of safety concept correctly, can effectively promote the safety production of enterprises. 

Compared with foreign countries, China has not formed a set of effective model and index system of the evaluation and measurement on safety culture, which resulted in the current coal industry security standards obsolete, lack of pertinence and maneuverability. Enterprises, as responsible body and the implementation main body for safety production, are less or passively involved in the standardization construction. Some leaders of the larger coal mines think that the enterprise has passed ISO quality management system and HSE management system certification, and safety standardization has little difference with safety management and safety standards, so they do no need to carry out safety standardization construction. Some leaders of coal mines are lack of awareness of the importance to carry out safety standardization, and lack of management, enthusiasm. They implement... 

Today, enterprise management of "people-oriented" has got much attention increasingly. Safety culture is an invisible hand. The enterprise safety culture is the must route for coal mines with labor intensive and high risk to achieve long-term effective mechanism of safety. Therefore, we should strengthen the coal mine safety culture construction, and improve the safety management level of enterprises to provide security for coal mine safety production. 

Coal mining enterprises not pay enough attention to the safety culture in construction, light on the surface. (2) Safety culture in construction research emphasis on theory and the theory cannot be combined with practice. (3) Coal employees there is a widespread misunderstanding of the safety culture in construction, compared with weak safety awareness. (4) Scientific, reasonable and effective evaluation of the measurement system is not perfect. 

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