Safety assessment INDEX

Contact dermatitis from the old formula E45 cream. Contact Derm., 30, 159-161 Beyer, K.H., Jr, Bergfeld, WE, Bemdt, W.O., Boutwell, R.K., Carlton, W.W., Hofi nann, D.K. Schroeder, A.L. (1983) Final report on the safety assessment of triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine. J. Am. Coll. Toxicol., 2, 183-235 Blum, A., Lischka, G (1997) Allergic contact dermatitis from mono-, di- and triethanolamine (Short corrrmunication). Contact Derm., 36, 166 Bollmeier, A.F. (1992) Alkanolamines. In Kroschwitz, J.I. Howe-Grant, M., eds, Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th Ed., Vol. 2, New York, John Wiley, pp. 1-34 Budavari, S., ed. (1998) The Merck Index, 12th Ed., Version 12 2, Whitehouse Statiorr, NJ, Merck Co. [CD-ROM]... 

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Fact Sheet Nuclear Insurance and Disaster Relief Funds, February 2008, available at http //www.nrc.gov/ reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/funds-fs.pdf U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Reactor Oversight Process Web site, http //www.nrc.gOv/NRR/OVERSIGHT/ASSESS/index.html U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration Voluntary Protection Programs (VPP) Web site, http //www.osha.gov/dcsp/vpp/... 

Numerical quantities, experimentally determined or estimated by statistical or computational approaches, which measure the environmental behavior, fate, and toxicity of chemicals, are molecular descriptors usually referred to as environmental indices. The octanol-water partition coefficient (Kqw, log P) is the most well-known environmental index used as the measure of lipophilicity of compounds. Together with log P and the soil sorption partition coefficient (Koc) [Baker, Mihelcic et al, 2001 Uddameri and Kuchanur, 2004], other quantities have to be considered as relevant for environmental studies. Some of these have been defined to describe mobility, biodegradabUity, bioaccumulation, metabolism, partition, and toxicity of chemicals, thus becoming relevant to human health and environmental safety assessment. 

Emanuel L, Berwick D, Conway J, Combes J, HatUe M, Leape L, et al. Advances in patient safety new directions and alternative approaches (vol. 1 assessment). 2008. http //www.ahrq. gov/professionals/quaUty-patient-safety/patient-safety-resources/resources/advances-in-patient-safety-2/index.html vl. 

Once fully verified the up-to-date and fnlly populated fault trees should then be written up either as an annex of the System Safety Assessment or as a separate report. The annex or report should include an index of the failure conditions considered, including the probability targets which were set. For eaeh fault tree, include the following ... 

The last proposed dimension of RSDI is the road safety organisational index that measures how much is the cooperation between the key bodies responsible for road safety actions in the country, how much funding is spent on road safety measures. It shows the level of development of national road safety council and NGOs. It shows how far each country is from the goal of national road safely programs (if there is any). This index can be developed further and benefit from other available indices especially those used to assess the management development and organisational culture between countries. This index is not used here because of lack of data. 

Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety. Statement on narcolepsy and Pandemrix, 27 July 2011. http //www.who.int/ vaccine safety/topics/influenza/pandemic/ hlnl safety assessing/narcolepsy statement Jul2011/en/index.html. 

Huy QN (2002) Emotional balancing of organizational continuity and radical change the contribution of middle managers. Adm Sci Q 47(l) 31-69 ICC A (2014) Responsible care. International Council of Chemical Associations (ICC A), http // www.icca-chem.org/. Accessed 16 June 2014 Kaiser HF (1974) An index of factor simplicity. Psychometrika 39(l) 31-36 Kapp EA (2012) The influence of supervisor leadership practices and perceived group safety climate on employee safety performance. Saf Sci 50(4) 1119-1124 Le Coze J-C (2013) Outlines of a sensitising model for industtial safety assessment. Saf Sci 51 (1) 187-201... 

Safety Assessment Techniques and Analysis Dow Fire and Explosion Index http //www. cbme.ust.hk/safetycourse/download/11.05 10RiskAnalysisDowF. ElndeX Sectionll.5. COURSENOTES.pdf... 

The DAL is an index number ranking the safety-criticality of the system functions. This ranking implies that in order to make the system safe, greater development rigor must be applied to each successively critical level. Table 2.3 correlates the hardware DALs to the five classes of failure conditions and provides definitions of hardware failure conditions and their respective DALs. Initially, the hardware DAL for each hardware function is determined by the SSA process using a functional hazard analysis (FHA) to identify potential hazards and then the preliminary system safety assessment (PSSA) process allocates the safety requirements and associated failure conditions to the function implemented in the hardware. 

It can be summarized that the earlier studies focused more on health impact to humans in conjunction with the usage of biofuel and fossil fuel. Not until recently, the idea of inherent occupational health is being adopted into biomass processes. The works are actually done in a company with inherent safety assessment by Ng et al. (2013) and Liew et al. (2014) as described before in Section 14.6. Both used the Inherent Occupational Health Index (lOHI), an index-based method for inherent occupational health assessment of chemical synthesis processes. The method will be discussed in further detail in the next section. 

The hazard log is not a safety assessment or hazard identification technique, only a management tool that is subservient to the safety management system. In fact, the hazard log can be thought of as an index to the mass of information held in the safety case. As such, the hazard log is a live document, which throughout the hfe of the product/facUity/operation provides an auditable record of the management of hazards. 

If the material in two process alternatives is both flammable and highly toxic, then they can be compared on both bases separately. If the assessments of the relative flammability and toxicity are in conflict, then we can only resort to a safety index. 

Methods for performing hazard analysis and risk assessment include safety review, checkhsts, Dow Fire and Explosion Index, what-if analysis, hazard and operabihty analysis (HAZOP), failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), fault tree analysis, and event tree analysis. Other methods are also available, but those given are used most often. 

The approach to developing metrics for process safety is analogous to those that might be used to assess Occupational Exposure risk. One can cite as well several indices that have been developed as metrics for estimating and ranking the safety of a given process or chemical reaction, such as the DOW fire and explosion index,the Stoessel index ° for hazard assessment and classification of chemical reactions, the Inherent Safety Index, the Prototype Index for Inherent Safety, amongst others. ... 

Heikkila et al. (1996) have expanded the work of Hurme and Jarvelainen (1995) with environmental and safety aspects (Fig. 11). The alternatives are simulated to determine the material and heat balances and to estimate the physical properties. Then the alternatives are assessed in economic terms for which the internal rate of return is used. The environmental effects are estimated by equivalent amount of pollutant that takes into consideration the harmfullness of the different effluent substances. With environmental risks are also considered aspects of occupational health to choose inherently healthier process. Even though most health related rules are considered later in the work instructions, health effects should also be a part of the decision procedure. The inherent safety is estimated in terms of the inherent safety index as described later. 

The UK Pesticide Safety Directorate (PSD) has decided to use the TEF approach for assessment of combined risk from exposure to mixtures of acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors (organophosphate (OP) compounds and carbamates) (PSD 1999). Despite clear differences in the action of carbamates and OP compounds, the index compounds selected for all acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors were either aldicarb (carbamate) or chlorpyrifos (OP). The POD for determining relative potency was predetermined as the dose level that produced 20% inhibition of red blood cell cholinesterase in a 90-day dietary study in rats. 

The safety of G-CSF stimulation in patients with CAD has been questioned in two recent studies. Hill et al. [138] report the results of administration of 10 mcg/kg/day of G-CSF for 5 days in patients with chronic CAD n = 16). There was no clinical benefit as assessed by exercise stress testing and dobuta-mine cardiac MRI. Additionally two patients in the G-CSF group developed serious adverse events related to the therapy (one non-ST elevation MI one MI causing death). Zbinden et al. [139] also tested the efficacy of the same G-CSF dose in patients with chronic CAD ( = 7). The invasive endpoint collateral flow index was significantly better in the G-CSF treated patients when compared to the placebo group. However, two patients in the G-CSF treated group developed acute coronary syndrome during treatment. 

The LDjg and are employed to determine the therapeutic index for a particular drug, which assesses the safety of the drug. 

E. Therapeutic response The safety and efficacy of a single intravenous dose of Remicade were assessed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of patients with moderate to severe active Crohn s disease who had failed standard therapy. The primary end point was the proportion of patients who experienced a clinical response, defined as a minimum decrease in the Crohn s Disease Activity Index from baseline at the 4-week evaluation and without an increase in Crohn s... 

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