Review articles description

For imiltidiniensional problems, the generalization of WKB theory to the description of scattering problems is often called Miller-Marcus or classical. S-niatrix theory [ ]. The reader is refened to review articles for a more complete description of this theory [52]. 

Fluorinated diacids offer a convenient method for introducing a perfluoro moiety into organic molecules. They are of potential interest in the preparation of polyamides and other fluorinated polymers. A detailed description of the perfluorocarboxyUc acids and their derivatives has been pubflshed (1), and a review article on polyfluorinated linear biflmctional compounds has appeared (35). 

The statistics literature presents numerous reviews of comparing the description of one model against another. Watanabe and Himmel-blau (1984) present a list of review articles. The judgment criterion is based on a comparison of the model predictions against the measurements. These comparisons are related to the general statistic given below, developed tor each model with its corresponding parameter set. 

The description of shock-compressed matter derived from physical and chemical observations, as presented in this book, is significantly different from that denved strictly from mechanical characteristics, which are the classical descriptions. This volume, with over 300 references and summaries of major review articles, provides a succinct introduction and critical analysis for scientists and engineers interested in the present state of shock-compression science. 

Since a considerable amount of review articles on both theoretical frameworks and calculated results have been reported[15-25], the main objective of the present study is placed on the comparisons with experimental results. The organization of the present report is as follows In the next section, for the sake of completeness, a brief theoretical description of the PPM is summarized from the previous articles. In the third section, disorder-LIq transition is focused and visualized atomic (spin) configuration is compared with recent high resolution electron micrograph. In the fourth section, ordering relaxation... 

Development of the quantum mechanical theory of charge transfer processes in polar media began more than 20 years ago. The theory led to a rather profound understanding of the physical mechanisms of elementary chemical processes in solutions. At present, it is a good tool for semiquantitative and, in some cases, quantitative description of chemical reactions in solids and solutions. Interest in these problems remains strong, and many new results have been obtained in recent years which have led to the development of new areas in the theory. The aim of this paper is to describe the most important results of the fundamental character of the results obtained during approximately the past nine years. For earlier work, we refer the reader to several review articles.1 4... 

The development of the theory of the processes of proton transfer has taken more than 50 years and the description of earlier approaches may be found in review articles cited previously.1 5 Some points of earlier models continue to be of interest. However, methods have been developed in recent years which enable us to take into account a number of new physical effects playing certain roles in these processes. 

The polymerization of olefins and di-olefins is one of the most important targets in polymer science. This review article describes recent progress in this field and deals with organo-transition metal complexes as polymerization catalysts. Recent developments in organometallic chemistry have prompted us to find a precise description of the mechanism of propagation, chain transfer, and termination steps in the homogeneously metal-assisted polymerization of olefins and diolefins. Thus, this development provides an idea for designing any catalyst systems that are of interest in industry. 

Several review articles have been published about SILAR-grown films.4-7 The SILAR technique, including its advantages and disanvantages and the equipment employed, is presented in Section 8.2. Materials that have been prepared by SILAR are reviewed in Section 8.3. Short descriptions of the related ILGAR, ECALE, and other sequential solution-phase techniques follow in Sections 8.4- 8.6. 

Besides the applications of the electrophilicity index mentioned in the review article [40], following recent applications and developments have been observed, including relationship between basicity and nucleophilicity [64], 3D-quantitative structure activity analysis [65], Quantitative Structure-Toxicity Relationship (QSTR) [66], redox potential [67,68], Woodward-Hoffmann rules [69], Michael-type reactions [70], Sn2 reactions [71], multiphilic descriptions [72], etc. Molecular systems include silylenes [73], heterocyclohexanones [74], pyrido-di-indoles [65], bipyridine [75], aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides [76], substituted nitrenes and phosphi-nidenes [77], first-row transition metal ions [67], triruthenium ring core structures [78], benzhydryl derivatives [79], multivalent superatoms [80], nitrobenzodifuroxan [70], dialkylpyridinium ions [81], dioxins [82], arsenosugars and thioarsenicals [83], dynamic properties of clusters and nanostructures [84], porphyrin compounds [85-87], and so on. 

While our description of this experiment ends this chapter on the discussion of isotope history, a few more notes are appropriate. The discovery of deuterium led to a rush of new work on deuterium, so much so that Urey published a review article on deuterium in 1935, including both work by himself and by his collaborators but also work by other groups (Urey and Teal 1935). Reading or perusing of this article is highly recommended. 

Table 12 gives an orientation help for CE separations sorted by pharmaceutical substances published in review articles. As this chapter focuses on the technical development of drug substances and products, only drug substances and drug formulations are covered. A useful compendium of CE applications in the pharmaceutical environment can be found in the book Capillary Electrophoresis Methods for Pharmaceutical Analysis written by G. Lunn. The book covers more than 700 active pharmaceutical ingredients and contains short method descriptions, sample preparation steps, and references. 

The most complete description of ozone injury symptoms is found in the Ar/os. However, several of the review articles, including the two criteria documents, have injury descriptions. A concise description is found in Heck and Brandt. ... 

This article provides an overview of the information which can be obtained by X-ray absOTption spectroscopy, with emphasis on the utilization of this technique to chari terize the metal clusters in proteins. No attempt is made to provide a detailed description of either the theory or the practice of X-ray spectroscopy these topics have been discussed in a number of excellent review articles (1). Rather, a small sample of the recent literature is used to illustrate both the potentials and the limitations of the... 

There are several review articles that include descriptions of transition metal-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond formation of organobismuth compounds [5-10]. During the last decade, considerable development has been achieved in this area. However, there is no comprehensive review of this topic. Therefore, this review intends to comprehensively summarize transition-metal catalyzed carbon-carbon bond formation using organobismuth compounds. 

Photoelectron spectroscopy has been presented in many review articles and books. Therefore here only a brief description is given with special emphasis on actinides. For further reading, some selected literature is recommended " . ... 

If the analogy that is drawn between the Si=Si dimer on the Si(100)-2 x 1 surface and an alkene group is reasonable, then certain parallels might be expected to exist between cycloaddition reactions in organic chemistry and reactions that occur between alkenes or dienes and the silicon surface. In other words, cycloaddition products should be observed on the Si(100)-2 x 1 surface. Indeed, this prediction has been borne out in a number of studies of cycloaddition reactions on Si(100)-2x1 [14], as well as on the related surfaces of Ge(100)-2 x 1 (see Section 6.2.1) and C(100)-2 x 1 [192-195]. On the other hand, because the double-bonded description is only an approximation, deviations from the simple picture are expected. A number of studies have shown that the behavior differs from that of a double bond, and the asymmetric character of the dimer will be seen to play an important role. For example, departures from the symmetry selection rules developed for organic reactions are observed at the surface. Several review articles address cycloaddition and related chemistry at the Si(100)-2 x 1 surface the reader is referred to Refs. [10-18] for additional detail. 

This chapter summarizes important data for intrinsic viscosity and translational friction coefficient of polypeptides. The first half of the chapter discusses the data obtained in helicogenic solvents and in helix-breaking solvents. It is actually a supplement to the review article by Benoit et al. (61), in which such data published by 1967 were surveyed critically. The second half of the chapter is concerned with the helix-coil transition region. The context here is largely descriptive because of the lack of relevant theory. 

Not surprisingly, the research field of electrochromic compounds is very broad and includes inorganic, organic, and polymeric as well as several hybrid materials. We shall therefore attempt to give a brief overview of past and current achievements before we present our own contributions. Due to its scope, this chapter cannot be considered comprehensive, and the reader is referred to recent review articles for a more detailed description. [26,27,33]. 

For a detailed description of the Field Emission Microscope and its applications see the excellent review article by E. W. Muller on Feldemission, Ergeb. exakt. Naturwiss. il, 290 (1953) for a brief description of the FEM, see ref. 7. 

Enzymes that directly incorporate molecular oxygen into organic substrates play a crucial role in many fundamental biological processes such as degradation of natural products in the biosphere, biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids, hormones, drugs, etc. A wide variety of enzymic oxygenases has been identified and isolated from microorganisms, plants and animals. A detailed description of these enzymes is beyond the scope of this chapter, but several books and review articles are available.1,58-62... 

---