Pharmaceuticals in the environment

Kasprzyk-Hordem B, Dinsdale RM, Guwy AJ (2009) Illicit dmgs and pharmaceuticals in the environment - forensic applications of environmental data. Part 2 Pharmaceuticals as chemical markers of faecal water contamination. Environ Pollut 157(6) 1778-1786... 

Zuccato E, Castiglioni S, Eanelh R, Reitano G, Bagnati R, Chiabrando C, Pomati E, Rossetti C, Calamari D (2006) Pharmaceuticals in the environment in Italy causes, occurrence, effects and control. Environ Sci PollutRes 13 15-21... 

Ayscough NJ, Fawell J, Franklin G, Young W (2000) Review of human pharmaceuticals in the environment. UK Environmental Agency, Bristol... 

The most important area in the pharmaceutical and related industries for the application of thermodynamic models is in solid-liquid equilibria. Once developed these same models are applicable to a range of unit operations. Aqueous solubility and concerns about pharmaceuticals in the environment is an obvious extension. Liquid-Liquid extraction and distillation are frequently used operations, and techniques that predict the partitioning and impact of... 

Kiimmerer K (2001) Introduction pharmaceuticals in the environment. In Pharmaceuticals in the environment sources, fate, effects and risks. Springer, Berlin, pp 1-8... 

ERAPharm Environmental Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals, 2004—2007), which focussed on the fate of a wide range of pharmaceuticals in the environment... 

Kummerer K (2009) The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment due to human use -present knowledge and future challenges. J Environ Manage 90 2354-2366... 

Kallenbom R, Pick J, Lindberg R, Moe M, Nielsen KM, Tysklmd M, Vasskog T (2008) Pharmaceutical residues in Northern European environments consequences and perspectives. In Kummerer K (ed) Pharmaceuticals in the environment. Sources, fate, effects and risk, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin, pp 61-74... 

Ecopharmacovigilance, a concept introduced by Daughton and Ruhoy [14], can be defined as the science and activities concerning detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or other problems related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, which affect both human and the other animal species (...) [15]. 

Benoit R (2010) Pharmaceuticals in the environment current knowledge and need assessment to reduce presence and impact IWA Publishing, London... 

Besse JP, Garric J (2010) Environmental risk assessment and prioritization stratagies for human pharmaceuticals review and discussion. In Benoit R (ed) Pharmaceuticals in the environment current knowledge and need assessment to reduce presence and impact. IWA Publishing, London... 

Holzer A (2010) Do pharmaceuticals in the environment present an investment risk In Kiimmerer K, Hemple M (eds) Green and sustainable pharmacy. Springer, Berlin... 

Christensen F.M. (1998). Pharmaceuticals in the environment—a human risk Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 28 212-221. 

Cleuvers M. (2(X)5). Aquatic Ecotoxicity of Pharmaceuticals Including the Assessment of Combination Effects. In Dietrich D.R., S.F. Webb, and T. Petry (Eds.). Hot Spot Pollutants Pharmaceuticals in the Environment. Elsevier, New York, pp. 189-202. 

Kiimmerer K. (2(X)4b). Emission from Medical Care Units. In K. Kiimmerer (Ed.). Pharmaceuticals in the Environment Sources, Fate, Effects and Risks. Springer, New York, pp. 27. ... 

Kiimmerer, K., editor. Pharmaceuticals in the Environment. Sources, Fate, Effects and Risk. 3 ed. Berlin/Heidelberg Springer 2008. 

Martin DF, Ward DR, Martin BB., Agricultural Pharmaceuticals In The Environment. A Need For Inventiveness, Technology and Innovation. 2010 12 (3), 129-141. 

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