Restricted use pesticides

Families should also be aware that sometimes methyl parathion has been illegally sprayed inside the home to kill insects. Your children may be exposed to methyl parathion if an unqualified person applies pesticides containing it around your home. In some cases, the improper use of pesticides banned for use in homes has turned homes into hazardous waste sites. Make sure that any person you hire is licensed and, if appropriate, certified to apply pesticides. Your state licenses each person who is qualified to apply pesticides according to EPA standards and further certifies each person who is qualified to apply restricted use pesticides. Ask to see the license... 

Currently, acrylonitrile in combination with carbon tetrachloride is registered as a restricted-use pesticide. 

Extremely hazardous substance list threshold planning quantity Restricted use pesticide Hazardous waste constituent... 

In the United States, about 80% of the 23 million kg of technical PCP produced annually — or about 46% of worldwide production — is used mainly for wood preservation, especially utility poles (Pignatello etal. 1983 Kinzell etal. 1985 Zischke etal. 1985 Choudhury etal. 1986 Mikesell and Boyd 1986 USPHS 1994). It is the third most heavily used pesticide, preceded only by the herbicides atrazine and alachlor (Kinzell et al. 1981). Pentachlorophenol is a restricted-use pesticide and is no longer available for home use (USPHS 1994). Before it became a restricted-use pesticide, annual environmental releases of PCP from production and use were 0.6 million kg to the atmosphere from wood preservation plants and cooling towers, 0.9 million kg to land from wood preservation use, and 17,000 kg to aquatic ecosystems in runoff waters of wood treatment plants (USPHS 1994). There are about 470 wood preservative facilities in the United States, scattered among 45 states. They are concentrated in the South, Southeast, and Northwest — presumably due to the availability of preferred timber species in those regions (Cirelli 1978). Livestock facilities are often constructed of wood treated with technical PCP about 50% of all dairy farms in Michigan used PCP-treated wood in the construction of various components of livestock facilities (Kinzell et al. 1985). The chemical is usually applied to wood products after dilution to 5% with solvents such as mineral spirits, No. 2 fuel oil, or kerosene. More than 98% of all wood processed is treated with preservative under pressure about 0.23 kg of PCP is needed to preserve 1 cubic foot of wood (Cirelli 1978). Lumber treated with PCP retains its natural appearance, has little or no odor, and can be painted as readily as natural wood (Wood et al. 1983). 

Extremely Hazardous Substance Threshold Planning Quantity Restricted use pesticide Hazardous Waste Constituent (Appendix VIII)... 

Depending on the toxicity, formulation concentration, and use patterns, pesticides can be classified as general or restricted use. A general use pesticide will cause no unreasonable, adverse effects when used according to the label and can be purchased and applied by anyone. A restricted use pesticide, defined as generally causing undesirable effects on the environment, applicator, or workers can only be purchased and applied by an individual who is licensed by the state. 

Restricted use pesticide (groundwater) - For retail sale to and use only by certified applicators or persons under their direct supervision. 

PCP was developed primarily for use as a wood preservative but has also been used as an herbicide on pineapple and sugarcane plantations. It has also been employed as a molluscicide against schistosomiasis, a severe human parasitic disease prevalent in much of tropical Asia, Africa, and South America (Hutzinger et al. 1985). The major contaminant of commercial PCP is OCDD, which may be present at concentrations between 500 and 1,500 mg/kg (ppm) (Dobbs and Grant 1979 Miller et al. 1989a). PCP may also contain mixed isomers of HxCDD and HpCDD (Pereira et al. 1985). It is currently registered as a restricted-use pesticide for use as a wood preservative (Sine 1990). 

Uses The technical p,p -DDT is a waxy solid, but in its pure form, it appears as colorless crystals. It is a mixture of three isomers p,p -DDT isomer (approximately 85%), ,//-DDT, and 0,0 -DDT (in smaller levels). DDT is soluble in solvents such as cyclohexanone, dioxane, benzene, xylene, trichloroethylene, dichloromethane, acetone, chloroform, and diethyl ether. It also is soluble in ethanol and methanol. The USEPA has grouped DDT under restricted use pesticide (RUP). Two similar chemicals that sometimes contaminate DDT products are DDE (l,l-dichloro-2,2-bis(chlorophenyl) ethylene) and DDD (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane). DDD also was used to kill pests, but its use has been banned. One form of DDD has been used medically to treat cancer of the adrenal gland, but DDE has no commercial use.14,35... 

OPs are chemicals used in agriculture as acaricides, herbicides, and insecticides (Appendix 5-A-l). Because of their toxicity, several of these chemicals are being phased out from use parathion (ethyl) is an example. Many have been now classified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) as a restricted use pesticide (RUP) or a general use pesticide (GUP). Pesticide chemistry has taken a turn for the synthesis, manufacture, and use of still safer compounds. A list of OPs considered for banning has been identified by the USEPA (Table 5-3). The following pages will briefly discuss the uses and toxicity of different OPs. 

Uses Alachlor is a colorless to yellow crystal compound.111 13 Alachlor is an aniline herbicide used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in field corn, soybeans, and peanuts. It is a selective systemic herbicide, absorbed by germinating shoots and roots. It works by interfering with a plant s ability to produce protein and by interfering with root elongation. This compound is one of the most extensively used herbicides. The USEPA categorizes alachlor under restricted use pesticides (RUP), and it should be purchased and used only by certified applicators. 

Uses Bendiocarb is an odorless, white crystalline solid. It is stable under normal temperatures and pressures, but should not be mixed with alkaline preparations. Thermal decomposition products may include toxic oxides of nitrogen. It is noncorrosive. Formulations of bendiocarb are classified as general use pesticides (GUP), with the exception of Turcam and Turcam 2.5 G, which are classified as restricted use pesticides (RUP). In view of this, the chemical should be purchased and used only by certified and trained applicators. 

Permethrin is classified as a restricted use pesticide (RUP) because of high toxicity to fish and aquatic organisms. Permethrin is used to control Nantucket pine tip moths, coneworms, seed bugs, and range caterpillars.4,5... 

Reproductive toxicity Effects that may alter the normal reproductive processes of an animal—for instance, loss of fertility Residue The pesticide remaining in a product after natural or other processes Respiratory distress syndrome A lung disease that occurs primarily in premature infants the newborn must struggle for each breath and blueing of its skin reflects the baby s inability to get enough oxygen can also affect adults Restricted-use pesticide (RUP) A pesticide that can be sold to or used by only certified applicators... 

Rodenticide A pesticide or other agent used to kill rats and other rodents or to prevent them from damaging food, crops, or forage RPN Renal papillary necrosis RRRs (3R) Reduce, reuse, and recycle RUP See Restricted-use pesticide... 

Pesticides are classified under the terms of FIFRA as either general-use or restricted-use pesticides. General-use pesticides can be used by the general public with low risk of harm... 

A private applicator is a person who uses or supervises the use of any restricted-use pesticide for purposes of producing any agricultural commodity on land owned or rented by him or his employer, or on another person s property if the work is done without compensation. Some examples are farmers, ranchers, floriculturists, and orchardists. 

Restricted -use pesticides must be applied by a certified applicator. 

Unless records are currently presaibed by the state (retail dealers who commercially apply restricted use pesticides (RUPS) may use the records they already keep under FIFRA to comply with the Farm Bill recordkeeping requirements and distribute these to their customers), the applicator shall maintain the following data elements for each RUP application ... 

As a user of pesticides, especially if you use and supervise the use of restricted-use pesticides, you must become aware of the potential for environmental contamination during every phase of your pesticide operation. Many pesticide uses are restricted because of enviromnental concerns. Whenever you release a pesticide into the environment—whether intentionally or accidentally—consider ... 

Aminopyridine is used broadly as an avicide. It is classified as a restricted use pesticide by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The compound is also being developed for clinical human application in the treatment of certain nerve conduction disorders, and it is used in experimental laboratory settings as an in vitro antagonist of voltage sensitive K" " channels. 

Captafol is a general use pesticide with a toxicity classification of IV (relatively nontoxic). It is classified a as restricted use pesticide in the United States. It is no longer sold in the United States. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration threshold limit value for captafol is reported to be 0.1 mgm . ... 

The primary use of chlorobenzilate is as an acaricide for mite control on citrus crops and in beehives. Historically, it was used as a synergist for DDT. Although classified as a Restricted Use Pesticide in... 

Chloropicrin is a class I toxicity, restricted use pesticide (RUP), labeled with the signal word Danger . The only exposure guidelines available for chloropicrin are that of permissible exposure level and threshold limit value, both having a value of 0.1 ppm. It has an inhalation reference exposure level of 0.4 pg m... 

Methyl parathion is a restricted use pesticide. The chronic reference dose for methyl parathion is 0.000 02 mg kg day ... 

Hawaii Restricted use pesticides Selenium compounds All concentrations BNA 2001... 

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