Human Parasites

Sironi et al, 1995). In surveys of the human parasite B. malayi, Wolbachia was detected by PCR in all females and in 25% of males (Taylor et al, 1999). Re-analysis of male worms using a nested PCR revealed that all individual male worms were infected (Taylor et al, 2000). 

Mites and ticks, collectively known as the Acari, constitute the second most diverse group of animals on the planet today and are of interest to humans for a variety of reasons. They affect our health and weel being directly as plant, animal and human parasites, vectors of disease, and producers of allergens. They are responsible for millions of dollars worth... 

Cavalier-Smith T (1987b) Eukaryotes with no mitochondria. Nature 326 332-333 Chan KW, Slotboom DJ, Cox S, Embley TM, Fabre O, van der Giezen M, Harding M, Horner DS, Kunji ERS, Leon-Avila G, Tovar J (2005) A novel ADP/ATP transporter in the mitosome of the microaerophilic human parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Curr Biol 15 737-742... 

Brehm, K., Jensen, K. and Frosch, M. (2000) mRNA trans-splicing in the human parasitic cestode Echinococcus multilocularis. journal of Biological Chemistry 275, 3831 1-38318. 

Davis, R.E., Hardwick, C., Tavernier, P., Hodgson, S. and Singh, H. (1995) RNA trans-splicing in flatworms. Analysis of trans-spliced mRNAs and genes in the human parasite, Schistosoma mansoni. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 21813-21819. 

DeMarco, R., Kowaltowski, A.T., Machado, A.A., Soares, M.B., Gargioni, C., Kawano, T., Rodrigues, V., Madeira, A.M., Wilson, R.A., Menck, C.F., Setubal, J.C., Dias Neto, E., Leite, L.C. and Verjovski-Almeida, S. (2004) Saci-1, -2, and -3 and Perere, four novel retrotransposons with high transcriptional activities from the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni. Journal of Virology 78, 2967-2978. 

Ivanchenko, M.C., Lerner, J.P., McCormick, R.S., Toumadje, A., Allen, B., Fischer, K., Hedstrom, O., Helmrich, A., Barnes, D.W. and Bayne, CJ. (1999) Continuous in vitro propagation and differentiation of cultures of the intramolluscan stages of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 96, 4965-4970. 

L. C. and Dias-Neto, E. (2003) Transcriptome analysis of the acoelomate human parasite Schistosoma mansoni. Nature Genetics 35, 148-157. 

Schistosoma haematobium are predominantly human parasites whilst Schistosoma japon-icum is zoonotic in a wide range of domestic animals as well as humans, and species such as Schistosoma bovis, Schistosoma spindale and Schistosoma mattheei infect domestic livestock. The mammalian host becomes infected when... 

Hamdan, F. and Ribeiro, P. (1998) Cloning, functional expression and characterization of a novel form of tyrosine hydroxylase from the human parasite, Schistosoma mansoni. Journal of Neurochemistry 71, 1369-1380. 

Skelly, P.J., Kim, J.W., Cunningham, J. and Shoemaker, C.B. (1994) Cloning, characterization, and functional expression of cDNAs encoding glucose transporter proteins from the human parasite Schistosoma man-soni. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269, 4247-4253. 

PCP was developed primarily for use as a wood preservative but has also been used as an herbicide on pineapple and sugarcane plantations. It has also been employed as a molluscicide against schistosomiasis, a severe human parasitic disease prevalent in much of tropical Asia, Africa, and South America (Hutzinger et al. 1985). The major contaminant of commercial PCP is OCDD, which may be present at concentrations between 500 and 1,500 mg/kg (ppm) (Dobbs and Grant 1979 Miller et al. 1989a). PCP may also contain mixed isomers of HxCDD and HpCDD (Pereira et al. 1985). It is currently registered as a restricted-use pesticide for use as a wood preservative (Sine 1990). 

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