Resin pathological

Trees up to about 30 m high native to the Philippines and Moluccas. Part used is their resinous pathological exudation from which an essential oil (elemi oil) is obtained by steam distillation. 

In 1952 Carsten (Cl) developed a method, which allowed him to isolate and characterize several lower peptides contained in normal and pathological urine. According to this procedure, urine was desalted on the Amberlite IR-100 column and the adsorbed substances washed out with 2 M ammonia solution. The eluate was then passed through the column of Amberlite IRA-400. This column retained the ampholytes and rejected the weak bases. The former were recovered by elution with 1 M hydrochloric acid and the eluate was subsequently fractionated on Dowex 50 resin with 2M and later 4M hydrochloric acid as the eluents. By applying two-dimensional paper chromatography to further analysis of... 

Toxicoses from pine needles have been reported in field cases, but are rare and have only occurred in pregnant cattle. No toxicity other than abortion in cattle has been demonstrated from ICA or ICA derivatives. However, the abietane-type resin acids in ponderosa pine needles (concentrated in new growth pine tips) have been shown to be toxic, but not abortifacient at high doses, when administered orally to cattle, goats, and hamsters. Pathological evaluations of intoxicated animals includes nephrosis, edema of the CNS, myonecrosis, and gastroenteritis (Stegelmeier et al., 1996). While abietane-type resin acids may contribute to the occasional toxicoses reported in the field, they do not contribute to the abortions. Most cow losses in the field are associated with difficult parturition or post abortion toxemia due to retained fetal membranes. 

Sometimes terms pathological and physiological resin are used. Pathological resin, located in resin canals, is mainly composed of resin acids and monoterpenes and protects the wood against biological damage. Physiological resin, located in the ray parenchyma cells, is rich in fats and constitutes a supply of reserve food. Hardwoods contain only this type of resin. 

The lipophilic fraction, extractable with nonpolar solvents (ethyl ether, dichloromethane, etc.) consists mainly of fats, waxes, terpenes and terpenoids, and higher aliphatic alcohols (cf. Sections 5.3.1 and 5.3.2). Terpenes, resin acids, and sterols are located in the resin canals present in the bark and also occur in the cork cells and in the pathological exudate (oleore-sin) of wounded bark. Triterpenoids are abundant in bark /3-sitosterol occurs in waxes, as an alcohol component, and the cork cells in the outer bark (periderm) of birch contain large amounts of betulinol (cf. Fig. 5-6). 

Some pine species can be induced to exude pathological resin by wounding living trees. This exuded oleoresin is collected manually. Tar and pitch isolated from this gum was originally used for the protection and tightening of the hulls of wooden ships and for the preservation of ropes ("Naval stores") and gave rise to the so-called naval stores industry. Centered in the southeastern longleaf and slash pine areas of the United States this industry... 

Resins, Oleoresins, Gum Resins, and Balsams.—These substances represent products of metabolism in many plants which are formed either normally as Turpentine, Asafcetida, Mastiche, etc., or as a result of pathological processes through injury to the plant tissues as Styrax, Benzoin, Balsam of Tolu and Peru, etc. They occur usually in special cavities such as secretion cells, glands, or secretion reservoirs. 

The absorption of copper from the bowel can be influenced by a number of inorganic substances. Anions, which have a tendency to form highly insoluble salts with copper under the conditions prevailing in bowel contents, tend to reduce the absorption of copper. Sulfide is the best known of these. Cupric sulfide is poorly absorbed by rats and pigs (B21, S23). Addition of sulfides to the diet markedly reduces copper absorption in animals (D5) and man (C5). Of the cations, molybdenum is known to influence copper retention in animals. It is suspected that molybdenum influences the membrane transport of copper in such a way that absorption is decreased and excretion increased (D6). For details of this problem the reader is referred to Underwood s monograph (U2) and a recent review by Mills (M25). Problems of this nature have not yet been encountered in man. Oral doses of potassium sulfide and certain ion-exchange resins are used to reduce the absorption of copper in certain pathological conditions in man (C5). 

USE Coloring oils, spirit lacquers, etc. also as stain for zoological, pathological, and vegetable objects like wax, cutin, resin, contents of lactiferous ducts, etc., which are colored red, while cellulose membranes remain uncolored. Approved by FDA for external use only. 

A TMA can be constructed from cultured cell lines. These cell line samples can serve as control samples because they have been extensively used in the literature and their profile for the marker of interest might be well documented (10,11,12). The cell line pellets are processed in a manner similar to that for routine surgical pathology tissue. This is important because it eliminates any variability related to fixation protocols with reference to immunohistochemical reactivity and sample viability. Use of a resin-based approach has also been described (13). This technique provides excellent morphology and minimizes variability of marker expression related to fixation protocols. 

Balsam T Produced by steam distillation from the oil-containing resin (balsamic resin, turpentine), secreted from the trunks of pine trees as pathological symptom (wound balsam) when the outer wood layer is injured. The residue is colophony consisting of di-terpene resin acids. 

Chem. Descrip. PEG 400 USP CAS 25322-68-3 EINECS/ELINCS 225-856-4 Uses Emulsifier, antistat for textiles rubber inks cosmetics paper film pesticide solubilizer/carrier intermediate for PEG esters, PU foams plasticizer, solvent for cork metalworking lubricants paints/resins pharmaceutical liq. preps., ointment bases, suppository bases binder for capsules/pills preservative for pathological specimens Properties APHA 25 color sol. in water and most polar org. soivs. m.w. 380-420 sp.gr. 1.130 vise. 7.3 cst (99 C) pour pt. 6 C flash pt. (OC) > 215 C ref. index 1.465 pH 4.5-7.5 surf. tens. 44.6 dynes/cm nonionic 99% act. 

Balsams, oleoresins solutions of resins in volatile oils. B. are produced either as normal plant constituents, or in response to pathological conditions or injury. Commercially, the most important B. is turpentine, produced (1-2 kg/tree/year) by conifers in re-ponse to bark injury. Steam distillation of the crude B. yields turpentine oils the residue is colophoy (rosin). Other B., usually named after the country of origin (e.g. Peru B., Canada B.), are used in perfumes and pharmaceuticals. 

J.W. McLean, I.R.H. Kramer, A clinical and pathological evaluation of a sulphinic acid activated resin for use in restorative dentistry, Br. Dent. J., 93,255-269,1952. 

Balsams are physiological or pathological substances secreted by some plant species. They contain essential oils and resins and esters of organic acids (mainly benzoic and cinnamic acids). The well-known Peruvian balsam flows from injured trees of the genus Myroxylon (Fabaceae), such as M. balsamum var. genuinum and M. b. var. pereirae, which are native to Central and South America. 

Benzoin is a pathological product formed when the tree trunk is injured. It is produced by incising the bark the exuded balsamic resin hardens on exposure to air and sunlight, and is collected. Benzoin resinoid is prepared from crude benzoin by extraction with solvents such as benzene and alcohol, followed by their subsequent removal. 

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