Copper reduced

Luff Schoorl. This method is for the determination of total reducing sugars in molasses and refined symps after hydrolysis. It is a copper-reducing method that forms the basis of some molasses purchasing contracts. 

Copper increases tensile strength and hardness and offers some protection against elements that promote intergranular corrosion. However, copper reduces impact strength and dimensional stabiUty owing to aging and is therefore kept at 1.25% max. 

Aluminum components are sensitive to ions of heavy metals, especially copper. To avoid localized galvanic corrosion of the aluminum by metallic copper reduced from copper ions, care must be exercised to prevent heavy metal ions from entering aluminum components. Note the recommendations under Elimination. ... 

Annealing of electrodeposited copper reduces the mechanical properties. As an example, the tensile strength has been reported to decrease from 275-330 MN/m to 180-255 MN/m on heating at above 300°C while the hardness of deposits obtained in the presence of addition agents may drop from as high a value as 300 HV to 80 HV after annealing at 200° C. 

Copper reduces the corrosion resistance of aluminum more than any other alloying element. It leads to a higher rate of general corrosion, a greater incidence of pitting, and, when added in small amounts (for example, 0.15% ), a lower rate of pitting penetration. 

The presence of metal oxides have a different influence on PBDD/F concentration and pattern (ref. 11), see Figure 8. Oxides of zinc and copper reduce the PBDD/F yields due to debromination reactions. The two oxides of copper show... 

Copper supplements can also have an anthelmintic effect. Small amounts of copper oxide wire particles (COWP) were effective against both incoming and established Haemonchus contortus worms (Bang et al., 1990) and a mineral supplement containing elemental copper reduced faecal egg counts in lambs (Lindqvist et al., 2001). Also, Burke et al. (2004) showed a great reduction of faecal egg counts and adult worm burden of H. contortus in COWP-treated lambs. However, Dimander et al. (2003) could not show an effect against GIN in grazing cattle. 

Inset shows the extent of surface Cu-reduction from the ratio of Cu/total Cu. Note a decrease in copper reducibility with increasing Co-content. 

Copper reduces dilute nitric acid to nitric oxide (NO) but reduces concentrated nitric acid to nitrogen dioxide (N02) ... 

Reducing sugars are sometimes characterized by a number, Rqj, which is defined as the number of milligrams of copper reduced by 1 gram of the sugar, in which the half-reaction for the copper is... 

Technical Observations. Not only the autoclave proper, but also the cover, must be enameled. Traces of iron or copper reduce the yield of diphenylamine by as much as 30 to 50 per cent, and cause resinification. The hydrochloric acid extraction is carried out in wooden vats and the distillation with superheated steam is done in apparatus such as that shown in Figure 24. Modem devices are available for producing the superheated steam. It is possible to carry over nearly one part of diphenylamine wiUi one part of water at 230°. 

CopZ Bacterial copper Reduced apo, Icpz NMR Wimmer et al., 1999... 

Mnk4 Human copper Reduced apo. lawO NMR Gitschier a/., 1998... 

Ccc2a Yeast copper Reduced apo. IfVq NMR Band et al., 2001... 

Note Copper number is defined as the number of grams of metallic copper reduced from the cupric to cuprous state by 100 g of pulp fibers. 

Copper reduced to granules vulgarly called granulated copper. 

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