Requirements for maintenance

Equipment and components shall be arranged such that adequate clearances are provided to perform removal and maintenance activities, including the removal and replacement of internal parts. Piping, tubing, conduit runs, ventilation ducts, etc., should be arranged to facilitate access and maintenance. These items should not 

Lifting and transfer facilities should be provided for the removal and transfer of heavy equipment or parts from the area in which they are installed to permit maintenance activities in other areas. 

Adequate emergency lighting and the indication of escape routes shall be provided in all equipment areas. 

Design consideration shall be given to the removal of components containing a significant quantity of radioactivity. The various means of accomplishing or facilitating maintenance include  

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Since a spool piece in the inlet piping is required for maintenance reasons, it is recommended that this be replaced by a flow measuring section containing the required instrumentation. 

In addition to the documents that serve product manufacture and installation or service delivery, documents may also be required for maintenance and operation. The product descriptions, handbooks, operating manuals, user guides, and other documents which support the product or service in use are as much a part of the design as the other product requirements. Unlike the manufacturing data, the support documents may be published either generally or supplied with the product to the customer. The design of such documentation is critical to the success of the product, as poorly constructed handbooks can be detrimental to sales. 

It reduces current requirements for maintenance of a particular cathodic potential, thereby reducing costs. 

Carbohydrates (sugars) catabolism provides the major share of the energy requirement for maintenance of life and performance of work. 

Barber and Lynch (9) used this equation to recalculate data from previous studies on microbial growth in soil, using a constant maintenance coefficient (///). They found no case where energy input exceeded the requirement for maintenance, and suggested, therefore, that apart from zones immediately around recently incorporated plant and animal residues, appreciable and continuous activity in soils can be expected only in the rhizosphere. 

Flanged joints are used for connecting pipes and instruments to vessels, for manhole covers, and for removable vessel heads when ease of access is required. Flanges may also be used on the vessel body, when it is necessary to divide the vessel into sections for transport or maintenance. Flanged joints are also used to connect pipes to other equipment, such as pumps and valves. Screwed joints are often used for small-diameter pipe connections, below 40 mm. Flanged joints are also used for connecting pipe sections where ease of assembly and dismantling is required for maintenance, but pipework will normally be welded to reduce costs. 

The spacing recommendations for process layout have been presented in literature as matrixes and lists of the typical minimum distances between different process items (Industrial Risk Insurers (1991) Bausbacher and Hunt (1993) Prugh (1982)). A suitable distance to another process item depends mostly on the safety properties of the process items. The clearance required for maintenance and access determine usually shorter spacings compared to safety clearances. In some references access and maintenance clearances are given separately. Therefore it can be assumed that the average of the recommended equipment spacings is mostly related to the general unsafety of a specific process item. 

Wang, Y., Zhang, W., Jin, Y., Johansen, J., and Johansen, K.M. (2001) The JIL-1 tandem kinase mediates histone phosphorylation and is required for maintenance of chromatin structure in Drosophila. Cell 105, 433-443. 

DDMl DDMl Arabidopsis Not known Required for maintenance of DNA methylation [314] and histone H3 methylation [315]. 

Check the Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter 40, Part 160.81, and tell whether an SOP is required for maintenance and calibration of equipment. 

Ca normally circulates in the bloodstream, within a 2.25-2.50 mmol concentration range, bound to proteins (40 5%), complexed with ions (8-10%), and ionized as Ca " " (45-50%) (Weaver and Heaney, 2006a). Circulating Ca in excess of that required for maintenance of plasma levels is ideally transferred from the blood to be deposited in bone via the bone formation process. The Ca concentration outside of blood vessels in the ECF that bathes cells is tightly regulated close to 1.25 mmol (Weaver and Heaney, 2006a), almost to the point of invariance. It is this ECF Ca pool that cells are immediately reliant upon to sustain vital cellular functions that are imminently critical to the maintenance of life (e.g., cardiac muscle contraction). Circulating Ca is constantly utilized to replenish ECF pools, and when Ca derived from dietary intake is insufficient to replace the amoimt of Ca used for replenishment, Ca in bone is transferred to the blood via a bone resorption process. 

Although it has been proven disadvantageous to shorten maintenance treatment, whether or not extended maintenance of up to 3 years is offering any beneficial effect in the context of different treatment strategies remains to be evaluated, particularly in males patients. Other issues that must be resolved in the future include differences in requirements for maintenance therapy in specific childhood ALL patient subsets (e.g., those defined immunophenotypically or genetically). These questions are still under investigation. 

Several improved expressions for cell growth have been proposed. In the case that cells do not grow below a certain concentration of the limiting substrate, because ofthe maintenance metabolism, a term (h ) corresponding to the substrate concentration required for maintenance is subtracted from the right-hand side of Equation 4.6. Thus,... 

Hundreds of biochemical reactions take place even in the cells of relatively simple microorganisms. Living systems have evolved a sophisticated hierarchy of controls that permits them to maintain a stable intracellular environment. These controls ensure that substances required for maintenance and growth are produced in amounts that are adequate without being excessive. Biochemical controls have developed in such a way that the cell can make adjustments in response to a changing external environment. Adjustments are needed because the temperature, ionic strength, acid concentration, and concentration of nutrients present in the... 

Some aspects of the regulation of energy metabolism of cells in a typical mammal. Each cell type serves a particular function and has specific requirements for maintenance and growth. Some cells are primarily energy producers, and others are primarily energy consumers. The activities of different cell types are regulated by an... 

Day, T.A., Bennett, J.L. and Pax, R.A. (1 994) Serotonin and its requirement for maintenance of contractility in muscle fibres isolated from Schistosoma mansoni. Parasitology 108, 425-432. 

Heat treatment, on the other hand, elevated cytoplasmic immunoreactivity of Bcl-2. However, nuclear and mitotic Bcl-2 immunoreactivity was clearly present when these cells were fixed with formaldehyde (3.6%), followed by postfixation with methanol for 10 min at -20°C. Treatment with ice-cold methanol makes the cell membrane permeable, allowing antibody access to intranuclear antigens without protein relocalization. Extensive protein crosslinking with formaldehyde is required for maintenance of intranuclear Bcl-2 immunoreactivity. In contrast to Bcl-2, Bax immunoreactivity was detected in nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments regardless of the duration of formaldehyde fixation used. 

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