Industrial Risk Insurers

IRI. Loss Prevention and Protection for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants. Industrial Risk Insurers, Hartford, CT. 

Industrial Risk Insurers (1990) states that the TNT equivalency of actual chemical plant vapor cloud explosions is in the range of 1% to 5%. A value of 2% based on... 

Industrial Risk Insurers 2% of the heat of combustion of the quantity of fuel spilled. 

Industrial Risk Insurers. Oil and Chemical Properties Loss Potential Estimation Guide. IRI-Information February I, 1990. 

John A. Davenport (Industrial Risk Insurers), chair John V. Birtwistle (Monsanto Chemical Company)... 

Oil Pump Stations and Offshore Properties, Industrial Risk Insurance, Hartford, Conn. (See [19].)... 

Industrial Risk Insurers IRInformation Manual 2.5.2. Hartford, CT. 

IRInformation IM.2.5.2. Plant Layout and Spacing for Oil and Chemical Plants. Hartford, CT Industrial Risk Insurers. 

The spacing recommendations for process layout have been presented in literature as matrixes and lists of the typical minimum distances between different process items (Industrial Risk Insurers (1991) Bausbacher and Hunt (1993) Prugh (1982)). A suitable distance to another process item depends mostly on the safety properties of the process items. The clearance required for maintenance and access determine usually shorter spacings compared to safety clearances. In some references access and maintenance clearances are given separately. Therefore it can be assumed that the average of the recommended equipment spacings is mostly related to the general unsafety of a specific process item. 

Prugh (1982) Bausbacher and Hunt (1993) Industrial Risk Insurers (1991) Institut Francais du Petrole... 

Industrial Risk Insures (IRI), IM 2, Section 2.5.3. Fire Protection Water Spill Control for Outdoor Oil Chemical Plants. IRI, Hartford, CT, 1992. 

HSB Industrial Risk Insurers ICI/National Starch Chemical Co. International Specialty Products, Inc. Kellogg Brown Root, Inc. 

IRI 1984, General Recommendations for Spacing in Refineries, Petrochemical Plants, Gasoline Plants, Terminals, Oil Pump Stations, and Offshore Properties, Industrial Risk Insurers, Hartford, CT, 1984... 

Lenoir 1993, "A Survey of Vapor Cloud Explosions Second Update", E. M Lenoir, and. 1. A. Davenport. Process Safety Progress, Vol. 12, No. 1, Industrial Risk Insurers. Hartford, CT, January, 1993, pp 12-33... 

For additional information on housekeeping refer to IRInformation IM.1.14.0, Proper Housekeep/ng (Industrial Risk Insurers, 1998a). 

A summary of evaluating hazardous materials can be found in the book Guidelines for Chemical Reactivity Evaluation and Application to Process Design (CCPS, 1995c) and Essential Practices for Managing Chemical Reactivity flaz-ards (CCPS, 2003d). For additional information, refer to IRInformation IM.1.8.0, Hazardous Materials Evaluation (Industrial Risk Insurers, 1998). 

For additional information, refer to NFPA 72, NFPA 101, and IRInformation IM.1.11.0, Fire Protection and Security Surveillance (Industrial Risk Insurers, 1998). 

IRInformation IM.1.0.1 to IM.1.14.0.1999. A Management Program for the Protection of Property, Production and Profits. Industrial Risk Insurers. 

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