External environment

Internal Conversion.—Nonradiative transition between states of like multiplicity. The process is conceived of as involving iso-energetic transitions from a higher electronic state to an upper vibrational level of a lower state (cf. Fig. 1). To consummate the change, transfer of vibrational energy to the environment (external conversion) must occur rapidly. Since some authors feel that the transition between states in solution is directly coupled with solvent phonon states, the distinction... 

Details. Checking fine details of perceived environment (external or internal) against memories of how they should be to detect incongruities... 

Cannibalism is another problem reported in organic laying hens. It is known that several factors are involved in triggering cannibalism in a flock. These include breed, feed composition, rearing environment, external parasites and other management factors (Berg, 2001). 

How did rats then find the platform It appears that they must have used cues in the environment external to the water tank to pilot toward the location of the platform. On the two-dimensional surface of a maze or water tank, a goal location can be fixed precisely by its angular direction and distance from two external landmarks. Thus, if a rat could spot two landmarks from the goal platform, say a door and a picture on the wall, and store the angular difference between those landmarks and their distances from the platform, it could then always locate the goal by swimming to a location at which the perceived angle and distances matched its memory. 

One point of particular relevance in the photodynamics that has not been addressed is the effect of the environment (external fields, solvents, solid surfaces, and protein cavities). Environmental effects can change the relative position of the electronic states, the position, and the topology of the conical intersections [62], It is still early to say whether it is possible to establish principles to make general predictions about the environmental effects on the photodynamics or it will be always necessary to make a particular analysis for each system. In... 

Aluminosilicates form an extensive family of compounds that include layered compounds (such as clays, talc, and micas), 3-D compounds, (e.g. feldspars, such as granite), and microporous solids known as molecular sieves. The structural diversity of these materials is contributed to by aluminum s ability to occupy both tetrahedral and octahedral holes as it also does in y-Al203. Thus, aluminum substitution for silicon in silicate minerals may lead to replacement of silicon in tetrahedral sites or the aluminum can occupy an octahedral environment external to the silicate lattice. Replacement of Si with Al requires the presence of an additional cation such as H+, Na+, or 0.5 Ca + to balance the charge. These additional cations have a profound effect on the properties of the aluminosilicates. This accounts for the many types of layered and 3-D structures (see Silicon Inorganic Chemistry). 

When translated, the Greek word diagnosis means decision , differentiation or assessment . A disease is identified by the information gained from the patients themselves (= auto-anam-nesis) or their personal environment (= external anamnesis) as well as from diverse examination results (= findings). 

The observed pattern was very similar as compared to the isomeric composition of LABs, attributed to a preferential microbial degradation of The isomeric distribution of ASPE in sediments from different sampling locations and in selected sediment layers was virtually identical (see Figure 2), suggesting their persistence in anaerobic environments, external relative to internal substituted isomers (Takada and Eganhouse, 1998). The observed pattern of ASPE indicated a very similar environmental behaviour as compared to LABs, that are well established molecular marker. In addition, information on the aerobic catabolism of ASPE by soil bacteria presented also the observed pattern as demonstrated for various soil samples (Schmidt et al., 2000). 

The underlying principle behind the operation of a market economy is that the market provides all the incentives to the participants to operate as efficiently and effectively as possible. However, this is not always the case a market can be imperfect and this is particularly so for the environment. Externalities (where the full costs of an operation are not included in the price of the goods or services) are often viewed as the most widespread cause of market failures in relation to the environment. In such situations market prices often do not reflect the full cost of the environmental resources. Such externalities can be either negative or positive. 

Lower temperatures improve selectivity and capacity. The exothermic nature of radical vinyl polymerisation compoimded by the gelHng of the imprint mixture is likely to cause higher internal temperatures than those used to control the environment externally. 

D. Martin et al. demonstrated that PEDOT nanotubes can precisely release individual drugs and bioactive molecules at desired points in time by using electrieal stimulation (Figure 11.15)[69].In their research, PEDOT nanotubes were placed in a neutral eleetrieal condition to stimulate the body environment. External electrical stimulation controlled the... 

As already stated, the band positions depend on the environment external to the solid surface, for example, the hydrogen ion concentration or pH. This is a situation common to all oxide semiconductors and... 

Exergy is an extensive property and a thermodynamic potential. In contrast to energy, exergy is not conserved and decreases in irreversible processes. If we discharge the waste product of the process into the environment, external exergy loss occurs due to the deviation of thermal parameters and the chemical composition between the product and the components of the environment. The thermal state and chemical composition of the natural environment represent a reference level (dead state) for the calculation of exergy. 

Tertiary containment describes the use of a defined operational facility to prevent contamination of the environment external to the laboratory or production area. This is achieved by facility design (e.g. directional airflows and air filtration), effluent treatment and operational procedures. 

External environment means any environment external to regulated and nonregulated areas. 

Many think that the phrase "explosion-proof" refers to the environment external to potential ignition sources, and the provision of a barrier between that environment and those sources. Actually, that s not correct. Explosion-proof refers to containment of the outcome of an ignition - assuming it occurs. 

ABSTRACT The development of new techniques, technology and the progress of civilization meant that man exploits Technical Objects (TO) offers a set of numerous and interrelated services implemented under different types of systems. In most cases, these are anthropo-technical systems (SA-T) taking into account the essential components of the process of exploitation man—the operator, the technical object—hardware and software, and the environment—external and internal. Was developed a model of situational awareness SA-T in the implementation of services based on efficient transport of data between the operator and TO (machine, robot) using any interface. The result is a proposal to develop a comprehensive measure to estimate the reliability of SA-T using effectiveness and potentiality trajectories identifying the state of readiness of the system. The paper ends with conclusions of the research and a summary with prospects for further analysis SA-T. 

Thus, a common cause failure may simply be defined as any insfance where multiple parts/units/components fail due to a single cause [13]. Some of the causes for the occurrence of common cause failures are design deficiency, operation and maintenance errors, external normal environment, external catastrophe, common manufacturer, and common external power source. 

External processing environment (PVD technology) The processing environment external to the deposition system in which processes such as cleaning, racking, and un-racking take place. 

It is in the technical processes where systems engineers establish an interaction net-woilc with stakeholders and other specialty engineering professionals to enable effective development of safety, functionality, reliability, maintainability, usability, and other qualities that meet stakeholder requirements. It is the technical processes that lead to the creation of a full set of requirements that address the desired capabilities within the bounds of performance, environment, external interfaces, and design constraints. 

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