Minimum distance

Computer techniques are used for mine planning and design and for the optimum deployment of mining equipment. The effects of geology, haulage distances, minimum acceptable ore grade (cutoff grade), and by-product revenue are considered. 

The structure of the rhodium complex has no features attributable to a high hydride ligand. For the salt K2[ReH9], there are three formula weights per unit cell 192), and the rhenium atoms are separated by large distances (minimum of 5.5 A) so that discrete enneahydridorhenate anions must exist in the crystal. The anion has Da, symmetry with six hydrogens at the comers of a trigonal prism and three beyond the centers of each equatorial face. The Re—H distance varies between 1.6 and 1.72 A... 

It ought to be pinpointed, that whichever matching criterion is used, it cannot distinguish between situation when a given distance minimum is a sum of many very small differences, and a contrary situation when this minimum distance arises from a single larger difference, or perhaps few larger differences. Alternatively, actual decision can be made by an interactive user, based on additional criteria, particular to this user needs, which are difficult to define precisely once and for all. ... 

For a specific distance, minimum time is taken by pivoting about the elbow. It takes about 15% more time to reach across the body (it also takes more energy since the upper arm is moved as well as the lower arm). 

Shannon entropy of topologic distances Shannon entropy for sum of topologic distances Minimum and maximum net charge (aU atoms)... 

Now let us consider another inspection. The next result gives the shortest distance (minimum number of edges) from the Login window (vertice 11) to all other vertices. The Python command is defined as follows ... 

Tip to collector distance Generation of beads with too small and too large distance, minimum distance required for uniform fibers... 

Various partitions, resulted from the different combinations of clustering parameters. The estimation of the number of classes and the selection of optimum clustering is based on separability criteria such as the one defined by the ratio of the minimum between clusters distance to the maximum of the average within-class distances. In that case the higher the criterion value the more separable the clustering. By plotting the criterion value vs. the number of classes and/or the algorithm parameters, the partitions which maximise the criterion value is identified and the number of classes is estimated. 

Let us consider the calculation of sensitivity threshold in the case when the cracks are revealing by PT method. Constant distance H between crack s walls along the whole defect s depth is assumed for the simplicity. The calculation procedure depends on the dispersity of dry developer s powder [1]. Simple formula has to be used in the case when developer s effective radius of pores IC, which depends mainly on average particle s size, is smaller than crack s width H. One can use formula (1) when Re is small enough being less than the value corresponding maximum sensitivity (0,25 - 1 pm). For example. Re = 0,25 pm in the case when fine-dispersed magnesia oxide powder is used as the developer. In this case minimum crack s width H that can be detected at prescribed depth lo is calculated as... 

Use Equation VIII-1 to determine the effective mass of the cantilever if the cantilever has a spring constant C = 20 N/m, the minimum detectable force gradient is hF/dz = 4 X 10 N/m, and the frequency shift is 200 kHz. How does the frequency shift depend on distance from the surface if the force has a 1/z distance dependence ... 

Figure Al.2.1. Potential V(R) of a diatomic molecule as a fiinction of the intemuclear separation i . The equilibrium distance Rq is at the potential minimum.

When an atom or molecule approaches a surface, it feels an attractive force. The interaction potential between the atom or molecule and the surface, which depends on the distance between the molecule and the surface and on the lateral position above the surface, detemiines the strength of this force. The incoming molecule feels this potential, and upon adsorption becomes trapped near the minimum m the well. Often the molecule has to overcome an activation barrier, before adsorption can occur. 

The gas phase reaction shows a double minimum and a small barrier along the reaction coordinate which is the difference between the two C-CL distances. The minima disappear in aqueous solution and this is accompanied by an increase in the height of the barrier. The behaviour in dimethyl fonnamide is intennediate between these two. 

The work fiinction (di) is defined as the minimum work that has to be done to remove an electron from tlie bulk of the material to a sufficient distance outside the surface such that it no longer experiences an interaction with the surface electrostatic field [43, 44 and 45]. In other words, it is the minimum energy required to remove an electron from the... 

Figure B3.6.3. Sketch of the coarse-grained description of a binary blend in contact with a wall, (a) Composition profile at the wall, (b) Effective interaction g(l) between the interface and the wall. The different potentials correspond to complete wettmg, a first-order wetting transition and the non-wet state (from above to below). In case of a second-order transition there is no double-well structure close to the transition, but g(l) exhibits a single minimum which moves to larger distances as the wetting transition temperature is approached from below, (c) Temperature dependence of the thickness / of the enriclnnent layer at the wall. The jump of the layer thickness indicates a first-order wetting transition. In the case of a conthuious transition the layer thickness would diverge continuously upon approaching from below.

Van der Waals complexes can be observed spectroscopically by a variety of different teclmiques, including microwave, infrared and ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy. Their existence is perhaps the simplest and most direct demonstration that there are attractive forces between stable molecules. Indeed the spectroscopic properties of Van der Waals complexes provide one of the most detailed sources of infonnation available on intennolecular forces, especially in the region around the potential minimum. The measured rotational constants of Van der Waals complexes provide infonnation on intennolecular distances and orientations, and the frequencies of bending and stretching vibrations provide infonnation on how easily the complex can be distorted from its equilibrium confonnation. In favourable cases, the whole of the potential well can be mapped out from spectroscopic data. 

The potential surfaces of the ground and excited states in the vicinity of the conical intersection were calculated point by point, along the trajectory leading from the antiaromatic transition state to the benzene and H2 products. In this calculation, the HH distance was varied, and all other coordinates were optimized to obtain the minimum energy of the system in the excited electronic state ( Ai). The energy of the ground state was calculated at the geometry optimized for the excited state. In the calculation of the conical intersection... 

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