Vehicle batteries specific energy requirements

Calculations show that battery specific energies of around 100-150Wh/kg and peak power capabilities of 120W/kg" are needed for traffic compatible electric delivery vans with worthwhile ranges, with even more demanding requirements for smaller vehicles such as automobiles. 

This review of work on additives to the positive plate shows that a variety of effects can be achieved. The choice of additives is very dependent on the intended application and corresponding battery requirements. Additives that enhance material utilization and/or reduce plate weight may be desirable for batteries in electric vehicles, where high specific energy is required. In automotive batteries. 

The zinc-air battery presents an opportunity to irmovate and to create new market niches. These batteries have generated research interest, stimulated by the requirements of the developing electric vehicle market. The zinc-air system offers the highest specific energy and, after the lead-acid battery, the lowest cost. 

With these preparations, we can equate the driving performance of an EV/HEV and the basic battery specifications. To fully understand the vehicle driving performance, the forces and energy consumptions are required to be correlated to form dynamical equations. There are several resistive forces associated with vehicle driving ... 

The discussion of lithium-ion battery materials in this chapter focused on the well-established products. The research and development work on the cell components and materials is stiU very much active and many newly synthesized products are made available for testing and implementation. With time, market needs and the actual performance of these new materials in cells will separate the best candidates for future iterations of lithium-ion batteries. Currently, the most prevalent target requirements of batteries for portable electronics and transportation (electric vehicles, EV) applications are increased energy density and specific energy, closely... 

This hybrid technology is applicable to other batteries, as well as to fuel cells and other power sources, as an efficient and effective way of handling pulse requirements and attaining an optimum system specific energy. It is being considered for use in a wide range of applications, for small portable devices to large systems, such as the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). 

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