Removal of pesticide

Chian ES, Bruce WN, Fang HH. 1975. Removal of pesticides by reverse osmosis. Environ Sci Technol 9 52-59. 

Removal of Pesticides from Water Using Low Cost Adsorbents... 

DDD) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE). Since the removal of pesticides from seawater is enhanced by the presence of large amounts of particles and biological activity, residence times are longest in the open ocean and shortest in estuarine waters (Table 28.14). 

Rice, C.P., Sikka, H.C.,and Lynch, R.S. Persistence ofdichlobenil in a farm pond, / Agric. FoodChem., 22(3) 533-535,1974. Rice, F.O. and Murphy, M.T. The thermal decomposition of five-membered rings, / Am. Chem. Soc., 64(4) 896-899,1942. Richard. Y. and Brener. L. Removal of pesticides from drinking water by ozone, in Handbook of Ozone Technology and Applications, Volume II. Ozone for Drinking Water Treatment, Rice, A.G. and Netzer, A.. Eds. (Montvale, M A Butterworth Publishers, 1984), pp. 77-97. 

The slope of the lines presented in Figure 5 is defined as k(q/v). The q/v term defines the turnover of the tank contents or what is commonly referred to as the retention time. When q is increased, the liquid contacts the carbon more often and the removal of pesticides should increase, however, the efficiency term, k, can be a function of q. As the waste flow rate is increased, the fluid velocity around each carbon particle increases, thereby increasing system turbulence and compressing the liquid boundary layer. The residence time within the carbon bed is also decreased at higher liquid flow rates, which will reduce the time available for the pesticides to diffuse from the bulk liquid into the liquid boundary layer and into the carbon pores. From inspection of Table II, the pesticide concentration also effects the efficiency factor, k can only be determined experimentally and is valid only for the equipment and conditions tested. 

Chemical degradation has been investigated by Shlh and Dal Porto Q) and by Lande ( ) under EPA auspices as an alternative approach (to landfill disposal) for the removal of pesticide residues. Among candidate reactions for the safe detoxification of pesticides, only alkaline hydrolysis was recommended. Several organophosphates and carbamates were identified as amenable to a degradation procedure using strong base/aqueous alcohol. The... 

Kuo, W.S. Regan, R.W., Sr. Removal of pesticides from rinsate by adsorption using agricultural residuals as medium. J. Environ. Sci. Health, 1999, B34, 431. 

The ETTA technology was demonstrated for removal of pesticides from soil in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (ERA) Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program in September 1992 at an abandoned pesticide mixing site in western Arizona. This technology has also been used to remove VOCs and SVOCs in full-scale applications at five other sites. The technology is commercially available. 

Figure 8.1-12. Production costs for removal of pesticides from ground ginseng at two different CO2 densities, for various extraction volumes.

So far, the CO2 consumption was kept constant and was the limiting factor for efficiency, and a step-wise increase of the quantity of CO2 employed was investigated. To simulate natural conditions, contaminated rice samples at different levels were stored for 6 days at 20°C to support diffusion and adsorption of the diverse pesticides into and onto the rice. The concentrations of individual pesticides were adjusted to about 500/1,000 and 2,000 ppb. The results, as displayed in Fig. 9.6-16, show that the removal of pesticides above 90% is possible under given conditions (100 bar, 40°C). 

Large numbers of methods are available to forecast what will happen if a major herbicide is no longer available in some or all crop markets. Models for assessing the most likely farmer responses to removals of pesticides range from simple expert opinion on costs of replacement pesticides on a given acreage base, to elaborate models with yield and cost changes entered into other models to estimate the impact on both farmers and consumers. To understand why there are wide differences in estimates for the costs and benefits of a product, we must understand the specific components of these models. 

Oxamyl methomyl -Phoxan, 2,4,5 trichlorophenoxy acidic acid 2.4DB, NCPB Removal of pesticides from water on graphitised carbon block 0.003- 0.07pg L1 [140]... 

Gahr A, Niessner R. Drinking water treatment with ozone in combination with UV-radiation removal of pesticides and by-product formation. Proceedings of 12th Ozone World Congress, Lille, France, 1995 349-371. 

USEPA (2000e). Evaluation of Saliva and Artificial Salivary Fluids for Removal of Pesticide Residues from Human Skin, Report No. 600/R-00/041, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. 

Hofman, J. A. M. H., et al. (1997). Removal of pesticides and other micropollutants with cellulose-acetate, polyamide and ultra-low pressure reverse osmosis membranes. Desalination, Proc. 1997 Workshop on Membranes in Drinking Water Production, June 1, L Aquila, Italy, 113, 2-3, 209-214. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands. 

Estimated costs for a 1000 m d process. Removal of pesticides and other halogenated compounds. Sensitivity to pesticides. 

Resin adsorption. The resin adsorption is a good option for the selective removal of waste. This technique is normally used for the removal of ther-molabile organic solutes from aqueous waste streams. The solute concentration of solution ranges fiwm 1 to 8 percent. Moreover, synthetic cationic and anionic resins may be used to remove a hydrophobic, hydrophihc, or neutral solute, which can also be recovered by chemical methods. These resins are also used with a high concentration of dissolved inorganic salts in the waste stream. Their appUcations include phenol, fat, organics, and color removal from wastewater. They can be apphed for the removal of pesticides, carcinogens, and chlorofluoro compounds. 

Bmggen, V.B. et al.. The use of nanofiltration for the removal of pesticides from ground water An evaluation. Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply, 1, 99, 2001. 

B. Van der Bruggen, K. Everaert, D. Wilms, and C. Vandecasteele, Application of nanofiltration for removal of pesticides, nitrate and hardness from ground water rejection properties and economic evaluation. Journal of Membrane Science 193, 239-248 (2001). 

Use Removal of pesticides from drinking water and VOCs from process gases. 

Consequently, the vast majority of SCF applications are based on CO2 near the GL critical point, with a possible admixture to support the ability for solvating dipolar components. The extraction of carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbons and their nitro derivatives from diesel particulates by CO2 + toluene or methanol SCF can serve as an example. CO2 based SCF also helps in cleaning polyethylene from undesired polymer additives. In a similar way one can consider technologies focused on so called h q)er-coal, an extremely pure and environment friendly fuel for turbines in power plants. Recently, the first power plants based on this idea are being constructed in China. The removal of pesticides from meat, decaffeinated coffee and denicotinized cigarettes are the next society-relevant applications. Noteworthy is the h q)er-oxidation with supercritical water and bitumens extraction based on supercritical toluene. The latter system is also used for the liquefaction of coal. ... 

Many environmentally significant pesticides are highly lipophilic and therefore relatively insoluble in water. Removal of pesticides from the hydrosphere may occur by volatilization, absorption by aquatic organisms, settling of particles to which pesticides are adsorbed. Removal by degradation processes occurs by transformation and ultimately mineralization. Photochemical decomposition of pesticides may also proceed via series of photolysis reactions - for example, photooxidation,... 

Cleary s Waterless Hand Cleaner. [W.A. Cleary] Cone, heavy duty, gentle cleaning agent for removal of pesticide residue, grease, oil, tar, ink, paint carbon, adhesives from hands and work clothes, car interiors. 

Berg P., Hagmeyer G., Gimbel R. (1997), Removal of pesticides and other micropollutants by nanofiltration, DesaUnadon, 113, 205-208. 

Van der Bruggen B., Schaep J., Maes W., Wilms D., Vandecasteele C. (1998), Nanofiltration as a treatment method for the removal of pesticides fitom ground waters. Desalination, 117,139-147. 

Still, all of the required conditions are present to make the photolysis of pesticides in natural waters inevitable. It seems that final proof of its extent and significance must await either more sophisticated methods for detecting and measuring transient chemical species or the actual application of photochemical principles to the practical-scale removal of pesticides from water. 

Cook, R. M. and K. A. Wilson. 1971. Removal of pesticide residues from dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 54 712-17. 

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