Exposure national

NFPA 80A Recommended Practice for Protection of Buildings from Exterior Fire Exposures. National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA. 

University of Rochester, The influence of prenatal lead exposure National Institute of Dental Rochester, NY on susceptibility to dental caries and on Research... 

Graziano JH Columbia University Health Sciences, New York, NY Neurotoxicity and treatment of lead exposure National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences... 

Laughlin NK University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wl Examine auditory system function and attention in the rhesus monkey as a model of childhood lead exposure National Center For Research Resources... 

NCRP Report, 1959, Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air and in Water for Occupational Exposure, National Bureau of Standards, NBS Handbook 69. 

Stather, J.W., Wrixon, A.D. Simmonds, J.R. (1984) The risks of leukaemia and other cancers in Seascale from radiation exposure. National Radiological Protection Board Report R-171, HMSO, London. 

Principles of Toxicological Interactions Associated with Multiple Chemical Exposures National Research Council,... 

Duro-Lok, Duro-Lok Plus, Wood-bonding adhesives, exterior exposure. National Starch and Chemical Co. 

Callaghan, B. G. (1983). Long-Term Atmospheric Corrosion Programme—Results After 10 Years Exposure. National Building Research Institute of the CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa. R/BOU 1146, 7 pp. 

Explosion-proof hardware, metal-to-metal faces or threads, for continuous exposures National Electrical Code Class I-Groups A, B, C, D Class II-Groups E,... 

B. McClenny, Compendium Method TO-16, U.S. EPA, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, N.C., 1996. 

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, "A Recommended Standard for Occupational Exposure to Acrylonitrile," DHEW Publ. No. 78—116, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 1978. 

Ain pollution (qv), lecognized in the National Ambient Aii Quality Standards (NAAQS) as being chaiactetized by a time—dosage lelationship, is defined as the presence in the atmosphere (or ambient ain) of one or more contaminants of such quantity and duration as may be injutious to human, plants, or animal life, property, or conduct of business (1,2). Thus, ain pollutants may be rendered less harmhil by reducing the concentration of contaminants, the exposure time, or both. 

Board on Toxicology and Environmental Health Ha2ards, National Research Council, Emergeny and Continuous Exposure Eimitsfor Selected Airborne Contaminants, Vol. 1, National Academy Press, Washiagton, D.C., Apr. 1984. 

Criteria fora Lecommended Standard—Occupational Exposure to Inorganic Fluorides NTIS Document PB-246692, National Institute foi Occupational Safety and Health, Rockville, Md., 1975. 

Guide for Short Term Exposures of the Public to Mir Pollutants, Guidefor Hydra ne, Monomethylhydra ne and 1,1 -Dimethylhydra ne, Committee on Toxicology of the National Academy of Science, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., Jan., 1975. 

Occupational Exposure to Hydra nes, NIOSH Criteria fora Recommended S tandard, U.S. Dept, of Health, Education and Welfare, National Institute of... 

One of the most significant laser safety standards is that developed by the Z-136 committee of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) (55). Although it is voluntary, many organi2ations use the ANSI standard. It contains a number of items including a recommendation for maximum permissible levels of exposure to laser radiation for various wavelengths, exposure durations, and different parts of the body separation of lasers into four different classes according to the level of ha2ard they present and recommendation of safety practices for lasers in each of the classes. 

Magnesium vanadates, as vanadium compounds in general, are known irritants of the respiratory tract and conjunctiva. The threshold limit value (TLV) for vanadium compounds in air recommended by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health is 0.05 mg/m based on a typical 8-h workday and 40-h workweek (7,147). Chronic inhalation can lead to lung diseases such as bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, and lobar pneumonia. These dust-related effects can be avoided by use of individual respirators in areas where exposure is likely. 

Methanol does not pose an undue toxicity hazard if handled in weU-ventilated areas, and is rated as a slight health hazard by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). The TLV is 200 ppm with a STEL of 250 ppm, and the limit which is immediately dangerous to Hfe and health is 25,000 ppm. Accidental ingestion is immediately treated by inducing vomiting, followed by adrninistration of sodium bicarbonate. Rinsing with water is effective in treating external exposure. 

A comprehensive study of the tolerance of laboratory animals to vapors of 2-nitropropane was reported in 1952 (100). In a study pubHshed in 1979, rabbits and rats survived exposure to nitromethane for six months at 750 and 100 ppm, respectively, with no unexpected findings (101). Similarly, no compound-related effects were found for rabbits exposed to 2-nitropropane at 200 ppm or for rabbits or rats exposed at 27 ppm. Liver damage was extensive in male rats exposed at 207 ppm for six months, and hepatocellular carcinomas were observed. Subsequendy, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (lARC) found that there is "sufficient evidence" to conclude that 2-nitropropane causes cancer in rats but that epidemiologic data are inadequate to reinforce the conclusion in humans (102). The National Toxicology Program also concluded that it "may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen" (103). 

Health Effects Of Exposure to Row Revels oflonifing Radiation, Report of Committee on the Biological Effects of Radiation (BEIR Report V), National... 

Phenol fumes are irritating to the eyes, nose, and skin. According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), exposure to phenol should be controUed so that no employees are exposed to phenol concentrations >20 mg/m, which is a time-weighted average concentration for up to a 10-h work day, 40-h work week. Phenol is very toxic to fish and has a nearly unique property of tainting the taste of fish if present in marine... 

The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), under the Department of Health and Human Services, works with OSHA. It is NIOSH s responsibihty to determine safe exposure limits for chemical substances and to recommend to OSHA that these limits be adopted as standards. 

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