Recombinant veterinary vaccines

Amongst the limited number of biopharmaceuticals approved for animal use (Chapter 1), recombinant vaccines represent the single largest sub-group. Several such products target pigs, 

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Although most biopharmaceuticals approved to date are intended for human use, a number of products destined for veterinary application have also come on the market. One early such example is that of recombinant bovine GH (Somatotrophin), which was approved in the USA in the early 1990s and used to increase milk yields from dairy cattle. Additional examples of approved veterinary biopharmaceuticals include a range of recombinant vaccines and an interferon-based product (Table 1.7). 

Yokoyama, N., Maeda, K., and Mikami, T. 1997. Recombinant viral vector vaccines for veterinary use. Journal... 

Harrison, G.B., Shakes, T.R., Robinson, C.M., Lawrence, S.B., Heath, D.D., Dempster, R.P., Lightowlers, M.W. and Rickard, M.D. (1999) Duration of immunity, efficacy and safety in sheep of a recombinant Taenia ovis vaccine formulated with saponin or selected adjuvants. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 70, 1 61 -1 72. 

In this chapter the subject of scale-up is reviewed, which is taking small laboratory cultures (e.g. 10 ml) to industrial-scale processes (e.g. 10 000 litre), i.e. a 1 000 000-fold scale-up The aim of such scale-up is to provide more cells, and more cell product, in as efficient and cost-effective a manner as possible. Cell cultures have been used since 1954 for the production of human (e.g. polio, measles, mumps, rabies, rubella) and then veterinary (e.g. FMDV) vaccines (Griffiths, 1990a). Interferon was the next most important product to be developed, followed by monoclonal antibodies and a range of recombinant proteins. 

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