Factors, coagulation

Primary blood components iaclude plasma, red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), platelets (thrombocytes), and stem cells. Plasma consists of water dissolved proteias, ie, fibrinogen, albumins, and globulins coagulation factors and nutrients. The principal plasma-derived blood products are siagle-donor plasma (SDP), produced by sedimentation from whole blood donations fresh frozen plasma (FFP), collected both by apheresis and from whole blood collections cryoprecipitate, produced by cryoprecipitation of FFP albumin, collected through apheresis and coagulation factors, produced by fractionation from FFP and by apheresis (see Fractionation, blood-plasma fractionation). 

I. I. Sussman, "Indications and Use of Fresh Fro2en Plasma, Cryoprecipitate and Individual Coagulation Factors," ia Ref. 5. 

The development of freeze-drying for the production of blood derivatives was pioneered during World War II (96,97). It is used for the stabilization of coagulation factor (98,99) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IgG iv) products, and also for the removal of ethanol from intramuscular immunoglobulin (IgG im) solutions prior to their final formulation (Fig. 2). 

Products prepared in this manner typically contain significant quantities of coagulation Factors II, VII, and X and other proteins as well as Factor... 

Blood Plasma and Serum. The terms plasma and semm are frequendy confused. Plasma refers to the Hquid that suspends the red cells within the body. Semm is that Hquid, removed from the body, from which the coagulum has been removed semm contains no coagulation factors and is severely depleted of platelets. 

Table 1. Physical and Chemical Properties of Plasma Coagulation Factors...

Condition in which coagulation factor level in a given patient is below the acceptable normal level. 

Coagulation Factors II, III, VII, IX, X, XI, and Xlla fragments, thrombin, and plasmin are classified as serine proteases because each possesses a serine residue with neighboring histidine and asparagine residues at its enzymatically active site (Table 3). Factors II, VII, IX, and X, Protein C, Protein S, and Protein Z are dependent on the presence of vitamin K [84-80-0] for their formation as biologically functionally active procoagulant glycoproteins. 

Coagulation Factor VIII-SD VIII C Vactor T7/I SD New York Blood Center... 

Coagulation Factor VIII-SD VIIFC SD American Red Cross... 

Cryoprecipitate Fresh-frozen plasma Autoplex-T VIIFC VIIFvWFAg Fibrinogen Plasminogen Factor XIII all coagulation factors, r VIIFC 11 a, Vila, IXa, Xa DH American Red Cross American Red Cross Hyland, Immuno... 

Daniels, T.M. and Fisher et al., PK., Antibodies to bovine thrombin and coagulation factor V associated with the use of topical bovine thrombin or fibrin glue a frequent finding. Blood, 82, 59a (1993). 

Coagulation factors are glycoproteins named by roman numbers (the numbers being ascribed at the time of the components definition, not sequence of activation) (Table 1). Besides von Willebrand factor (vWF), the coagulation factors are synthesized in the liver. They have very different half-lifes and different concentrations in the plasma. Several coagulation factors are stored in platelets and endothelial cells and can be released during activation of these cells, which can result in a much higher local concentration of the respective factor (e.g., vWF). 

During activation of the coagulation cascade, coagulation factors form multimolecular (often trimolecular)... 

Kleinschnitz C, Stoll G, Bendszus M et al (2006) Targeting coagulation Factor XII provides protection from pathological thrombosis in cerebral ischemia without interfering with hemostasis. J Exp Med 203 513-518... 

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