Ready-mix formulations

Suspoemulsions Key Technology for Tailor-Made Ready-Mix Formulations... 

Other types of admixtures used with calcium aluminate cements include water reducers and superplasticizers (Section 11.4), which also act as retarders, and thickening agents, such as carboxymethylcellulose. Complex formulations may be used for special purposes for example, a ready-mix mortar for high-performance road repair might contain 55% Ciment Fondu and 45% sand, with glass fibre, aluminium powder, Li2C03, sodium gluconate and methyl ethyl cellulose (M93). 

The com market in the US and the cereal market in Europe are good examples of how suspoemulsion formulations quickly penetrated a market by combining essential a.i s required in a crop system as a ready mix product. 

Suspoemulsions have proven to be valuable tools to formulate ready mix products of various important active ingredients. Many of these have previously not been accessible due to their contrasting physiochemical characteristics. Examples of their impact can be seen in the US com herbicide market and the European fungicide market. SB s have proven to be particularly flexible tools to enable formulators to tailor make a constantly increasing number of difficult new product combinations and adjusting their product ranges to a changing industrial environment. 

PVAC adhesives are found in a dozen construction applications. The largest is ready-mix joint cements for gypsum board. These are highly filled formulations with a polymer content of only 3 %. Concrete adhesives containing PVAC serve to bond new concrete to old. Vinyl acetate-ethylene is the material of choice for vinyl and paper lamination to haidboard, gypsum board, and other substrates. Installation of vinyl flooring may be accomplished with PVAC adhesives. 

Pad bath formulations with (a) a highly active catalyst and (b) a conventional catalyst, are shown in Table II. A highly active catalyst may cause low shelf-life of the padding solution. It is, therefore, added last to the formulation to avoid premature polymerization or coagulation of the binder. A strong solution of the mixed catalyst is kept ready and the required quantity of this solution is dispensed through a measuring cylinder and added to the pad bath. 

The components of pesticide products which have pesticidial activity are called active ingredients. A particular product may contain more than one active ingredient. Active ingredients are rarely used applied in their pure form. Instead, they are normally mixed with inert (inactive) ingredients so that you can handle them more conveniently and safely and apply them more easily and efficiently. This mixture of active and inert ingredients is called a pesticide formulation. The final pesticide formulation is ready for use, either as packaged or after dilution with solvents (e.g., water or petroleum) or other carriers (e.g., silica or silicates). 

Another method to classify pesticides is related to their main chemical structural elements or their mode of action. Examples are organochlo-rines, organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, and so on (Table 11.2). In commercial products, the active ingredients are formulated (mixed) with other compounds, such as solvents, surfactants, stabilizers, and so on, that make the pesticides ready for use on farms and for private pest control. The formulations for crop protection are usually concentrates that are diluted with water before being applied on a field. 

The active substances are not used as neat chemicals. They are sold as formulated products. Products for small-scale use in house or garden are often ready-to-use formulas. That means they come in diluted form, often in spray cans, and can be used as they are. For large-scale use this is not economical, because a large part of the spray mix is simply water, needed to dilute the active substance. Therefore, pesticide products for use in agriculture or vector control are concentrates. They are diluted with water... 

With RTFs, the technical difficulty of mixing the plastic matrix with reinforcement such as glass fiber has made it standard practice for materials suppliers to offer a reinforced molding compound that is ready formulated with all the necessary ingredients, with the possible exception of pigment. A ready-made RTP in sheet form is also available, known as glass mat thermoplastic (GMT). 

However, since this formulation has to be kept frozen and has to be mixed from three separate preparations after thawing prior to use, a new generation of fluorocarbon-based injectable carriers has been developed. Oxygent and Imagent (Alliance Phaimaceutical Corp.) are currently under clinical testing. Those formulations have been proved to be stable for at least 12 months at room temperature, to be autoclavable, and to be ready for administraiton as it is (119). 

Pre-mixed products are the easiest to use because they do not require any mixing and any transfer into an appropriate delivery system. Moreover, there is no time constraint to use the product once it is open. However, pre-mixing is not a versatile approach to deliver a product, since the mixture composition is already pre-defmed. Moreover, it is not adapted to CPC formulations. Presently, only two methods have been proposed to package ready-to-use cement formulations. First, the reactive cement components are combined with a non-aqueous liquid to form a non-reactive pasty mixture. Reaction then occurs in vivo, when the non-aqueous hquid is slowly replaced with physiological fluids. Unfortunately, the setting reaction is difficult to control and the mechanical properties are poor." The second approach is to freeze down the cement components." However, it is not clear how injectable such mixtures would be and how the... 

To manufacture inks, one has to have the ingredients (mainly polymeric) ready in separate vessels they are mixed together to obtain the desired formulation as per the flow diagram (Figure 17.10). 

Once the plasticizer(s) and binder(s) have been mixed into the slip formulation, it is ready for precasting conditioning and characterization. 

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