Roads, repair

The present invention provides a wheel cover which improves the aerodynamic properties of the hub-rim-spoke wheels. The wheel cover of the present invention is preferably made of a light weight synthetic or natural polymer, fabric or paper film which is adhesively applied to a wheel through simple manual application. In turn, the aerodynamic wheel cover of the present invention may also be easily removed and replaced to allow on-road repairs of spoke, hub, or rim. 

Using SC as a road repair material may be attractive in many situations. In this application the advantages of short cure time and high strength may be enough to offset any additional cost of the materi al. 

The town of Artesia is located in the southeast comer of New Mexico (Fig. 1). The Artesia Yard, which is used for a variety of road repair and maintenance activities, is located along the west side of town on flat terrain that slopes from west to east toward the Pecos River. 

Using the cover of a road-repair crew, terrorists often place charges directly under the road surface. 

Building and construction applications (architectural sealants, road repair compositions, bridge decking)... 

Other types of admixtures used with calcium aluminate cements include water reducers and superplasticizers (Section 11.4), which also act as retarders, and thickening agents, such as carboxymethylcellulose. Complex formulations may be used for special purposes for example, a ready-mix mortar for high-performance road repair might contain 55% Ciment Fondu and 45% sand, with glass fibre, aluminium powder, Li2C03, sodium gluconate and methyl ethyl cellulose (M93). 

These ammonium phosphates are made by reacting ammonium nitrate with phosphoric acid. The resulting compounds are very soluble in water. During formation of ceramics, ammonia is released and phosphate reacts with metal cations such as magnesium and forms the CBPC. Because of the evolution of ammonia, it is used for outdoor applications such as road repair material and hardly any indoor applications have been found for these products. 

Overall, these characteristics demonstrate that ammonium dihydrogen phosphate makes excellent rapid-setting grouts for outdoor applications such as road-repair materials in winter time in cold countries, because cold weather retards the initial setting, release of ammonia does not affect the workers and users in an open atmosphere, and the high strength makes these cements superior to conventional Portland cement. Products based on this material have been marketed commercially. 

The modem technological needs of stmctural materials are not fulfilled entirely by these two types of materials. There is also a need for materials that exhibit properties in between cement and sintered ceramics. That need can be met by CBPC matrix composites—materials that are produced like cements at ambient or at slightly elevated temperatures, but exhibit properties of ceramics. These composites are attractive for many stmctural applications, including architectural products, oil-field drilling cements, road repair materials that set in very cold environments, stabilization of radioactive and hazardous waste streams, and biomaterials. 

Ceramicrete development has been pursued at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) to help solve these cementing problems, and it is now being used for cold climate applications such as road repair and the construction industry, and may soon find use in Arctic oil fields. The oil-field applications are discussed in Chapter 15. Here, we will discuss the road and other structural materials applications. 

Bindan Corp. (Oak Brook, IL) sells several compositions of Ceramicrete matrix composite as commercial road-repair materials. The American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO) has tested one of these products [6]. Table 14.6 provides the results of their tests. 

Petroleum asphalt is used extensively as a binder in concrete road paving, hence road asphalt. Mixed with asphalt, coal tar pitch makes exceptional road surfaces that resist oils, are non-skid, adhere excellently to stone, and provide weathered hard surfaces. Cutback asphalt is asphalt dissolved in and made less viscous by a solvent (usually a petroleum distillate) allowing easier application in road repair and waterproofing. Road oil is very fluid asphalt used as a dust suppressant. 

Road maintenance. This will include all road repairs and snow removal. 

Watch for signs of road repair — a few extra inches of blacktop can trap a rig. 

Signs of road repair can reveal an underpass problem. ... 

Breaking and Smashing. The jackhammer, used for road repairs, is a pneumatic tool. 

Asphalt is a black, sticky, viscous Uquid that is obtained from crude petroleum. It comprises almost entirely a form of tar called bitumen. The structure of asphalt is actually a colloidal suspensitm, with small particulates called asphaltenes dispersed through the petroleum matrix. More environmentally friendly aqueous-based asphalt emulsions are currently being used for road repair appUcatitms. 

In any use the addition of 2.5 parts of casein on 100 of reclaim would be expected to improve the compound. A road repair compound is illustrated in Formulation XXVIII. This rubber is conveniently added to the heated asphalt in the form of powdered rubber. Control of the heating process is very important, as overheating degrades the rubber. High molecular weight is essential in the long-chain polymer component, and hence new natural rubber of good quality rather than reclaimed rubber is desirable. 

XXVIII. Road Repair Compound Natural rubber (powder)... 

Repair techniques. Given the vast scale of concrete infrastructure deterioration by corrosion processes, concrete repair is practiced widely to maintain the functionality of existing structures. Anyone traveling in North America during the road repair season can attest to this. An important fundamental consideration that should be respected in dealing with concrete repairs is that corrosion protection in repaired systems has different requirements from corrosion protection in new... 

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