Fluids, physiological

Lyons MK, Meyer FB. Cerebrospinal fluid physiology and the management of increased intracranial pressure. Mayo Clinic Proc 1990 65(5) 684—707. 

Pederson, J. E. In Fluid Physiology of the Subretinal Space in Retina, 2nded. Ryan, S. J., Ed. Mosby-Year Book St. Louis, 1994, pp. 1955-1967. 

The answer is c. (Murray, pp 15-26.) In any fluid, maximum buffering action is achieved by the acid whose pK most nearly approximates the pH of the fluid. Physiologic pH is about 7.4, so that among those buffers listed in the question, NaH2PO4 is the most effective. 

The results obtained will be useful in practical application of nanocomposites and magnetic fluids in oncotherapy. Besides the magnetic fluids in Table 10.16, water-based magnetic fluids (physiologic solution) and nanocomposites containing B and Gd were synthesized and investigated. 

Weisberg, H.F. (1974), Clinical chemical analysis of sixty-two amniotic fluids from women in early pregnancy. In Amniotic Fluid Physiology, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry (eds S. Natelson, A. Scommegna and M.B. Epstein), J. Wiley, New York, pp. 47-71. 

Corticosteroids exhibit a wide range of physiological effects One important func tion IS to assist m maintaining the proper electrolyte balance m body fluids They also play a vital regulatory role m the metabolism of carbohydrates and m mediating the alter gic response... 

As we have seen in this chapter steroids have a number of functions in human physiology Cholesterol is a component part of cell mem branes and is found in large amounts in the brain Derivatives of cholic acid assist the digestion of fats in the small intestine Cortisone and its derivatives are involved in maintaining the electrolyte balance in body fluids The sex hormones responsible for mascu line and feminine characteristics as well as numerous aspects of pregnancy from conception to birth are steroids... 

R. Walter and co-workers. Disturbances in Body Fluid Osmolality, American Physiological Society, Betbesda, Md., 1977, pp. 1—36. 

The realization of sensitive bioanalytical methods for measuring dmg and metaboUte concentrations in plasma and other biological fluids (see Automatic INSTRUMENTATION BlosENSORs) and the development of biocompatible polymers that can be tailor made with a wide range of predictable physical properties (see Prosthetic and biomedical devices) have revolutionized the development of pharmaceuticals (qv). Such bioanalytical techniques permit the characterization of pharmacokinetics, ie, the fate of a dmg in the plasma and body as a function of time. The pharmacokinetics of a dmg encompass absorption from the physiological site, distribution to the various compartments of the body, metaboHsm (if any), and excretion from the body (ADME). Clearance is the rate of removal of a dmg from the body and is the sum of all rates of clearance including metaboHsm, elimination, and excretion. 

In adults, a few areas may require further study. For example, there is a report of soya consumption causing an increased incidence of hyperplastic epithelial cells in the nipple aspirate fluid of pre- and postmenopausal women.This could constitute a risk factor for breast cancer. Also, the use in herbal medicine of particular plants emphasises that these species have the potential to cause physiological changes. Consequently, the increasing public interest in the use of herbal medicines could lead to unintended (adverse) effects, particularly as most... 

Heat exhaustion The physiological condition resulting from the body suffering heat stress and loss of body fluids. 

Hyperbolic expansion The expansion of a fluid according to the law pV = Hypothalamus The temperature control center at the base of the brain, which regulates body temperature. Hypothermia The physiological state resulting when the deep core body temperature drops below 35 C. It results in vasoconstriction and shivering in an attempt to conserve body heat. 

A bioassay is a test designed to measure the effect of a chemical on a test population of organisms. The effect may be a physiological or biochemical parameter, such as growth rate, respiration, or enzyme activity. In the case of drilling fluids, bioassays lethality is the measured effect. 

Guyton, A. C., Chapter 33, Partition of the Body Fluids Osmotic Equilibria between Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids , in Textbook of Medical Physiology (5th Edition), (Ed.) Guyton A. C., i,1A-Ayi, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia (1976)... 

Prostaglandins are a group of lipid autacoids known as eicosanoids. They are produced from membrane phospholipids and found in almost every tissue and body fluid. They are involved in a number of physiological processes including inflammation, smooth muscle tone and gastrointestinal secretion. In the central nervous system they have been reported to produce both excitation and inhibition of neuronal activity. 

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