Raspberries diseases

Stunted growth may be caused by viruses or strawberry red stele disease. Remove the plants do not replant on the same site with strawberries or raspberries. 

Soilborne fungal disease, which enters through cracks in bark, or wounds caused by the raspberry midge. It is spread by rain-splash and on tools. 

Jennings, D.L. Raspberries and Bladcberries Their Breeding Diseases and Growth Academic Press New York, 1988. 

STRAWBERRIES AND RASPBERRIES. These are the most demanding in terms of soil requirements. They should be grown only on medium-heavy to light, free-draining soils. Areas with compaction or waterlogging are unsuitable. Reduced yields and root disease problems are unavoidable on unfavourable soils. Planting by the hill system is to be recommended if soil conditions are not entirely optimal. 

Raspberry Pfeffing disease nematodes in sweet cherries ... 

Raspberry cane diseases (Didymella applanata, Leptosphaeria coniothyrium, Botrytis cinerea, Elsinoe venta)... 

The fungus overwinters on canes (raspberry cane diseases). 

Alpha-linolenic acid (18 3n-3) is an 18-carbon fatty acid with three double bonds at carbons 9, 12, and 15. It is an essential n-3 fatty acid that is a required nutrient for human beings and can be obtained through diets including both plant and animal sources. Alpha-linolenic acid can be converted by elongases and desaturases to other beneficial n-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosa-hexaenoic acid (DHA), which are implicated in normal brain development, normal vision, and a decreased risk of heart disease. Novel dietary sources of n-3 fatty acids are desired for those who do not consume adequate amounts of fish or fish-based food products rich in long-chain n-3 fatty acids. This section summarized fruit, spice, and herb seed oils rich in a-linolenic acid (18 3n-3). These include black raspberry, red raspberry, boysenberry, marionberry, blueberry, cranberry, sea buckthorn, basil, and hemp seed oils. 

Blackberries are self-pollinating and require no cross-pollination to set fruit. Blackberries belong to the same genus as raspberries and are affected by similar insects and diseases. Fbr more information on problems and solutions, see the Raspberry entry beginning on page 196. 

Plant in a sunny site with good air circulation and well-drained soil. Start with disease-free stock. Plant in hills or rows well away from wild or abandoned raspberries, which may carry diseases. Provide posts or a wire fence to support the canes. 

Raspberries are self-pollinating. A well-maintained planting may fruit heavily for many years, but disease often appears as plants age. 

Fruit covered with a powdery w hite coating. Cause Powdery mildew. This fungal disease, most common on red raspberries, makes fruit inedible and may weaken or kill whole canes. Pruning out old canes to provide good air circulation aids control. To prevent the disease, apply sulfur dusts. To control e.xisting infection, apply lime-sulfur spray. Resistant cultivars... 

Cane blight causes canes with large, brownish purple areas extending over several buds. This fungal disease, most common on black raspberries, usually enters through a wound. Sideshoots may wilt and entire canes may die. 

Leaf undersides with bright orange pustules. Cause Orange rust. This incurable fungal disease appears only on black or purple raspberries, and blackberries. Diseased plants never recover infection spreads quickly to neighboring plants. Dig up and destroy plants as soon as you notice disease symptoms. Install new plantings well away from wild brambles, which are a source of infection. 

New canes die in midsummer. Cause Verticillium wilt. Typically leaves yellow, wilt, and fall before the entire cane dies. There is no cure for this soilbome fungal disease, which may be carried by other host plants such as tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, or eggplants.. A% oid planting raspberries where other erticillium host plants formerly grew. For extra precaution. solarize the soil to kill the fungus before planting (see Soil Solarization" on page 424. See... 

Cause Mosaic virus. This disease is transmitted by aphids and appears only on black or purple raspberries. Red raspberries may carry the virus but will show no symptoms. Infected purple or black raspberries eventually become stunted and develop small, misshapen leaves with green blisters. The only control is to dig up infected plants and replant with virus-free (also called virus-indexed) stock. Also avoid planting raspberries in sites near wild or old, neglected raspberries. Since red raspberries may carry the disease, keep plantings of black and purple raspberries separate from red raspberries. Royalty purple raspberry is less susceptible to mosaic than other purple raspberries because it is seldom infested with the species of aphid that transmits the disease. 

If you expect a virus problem, you may able to plant a virus-resistant cultivar. For example, many peas and beans have been rred for resistance to bean mosaic, and breeder have developed tomatoes that resist tobacco mosaic virus. In some cases, a cultivar may be susceptible to a virus, but not prone to getting It because it is resistant to insects that transmit the virus. Such is the case with Royalty purple raspberry, which, though prone to mosaic, is resistant to aphids that spread the disease. 

Don t be afraid to buy sight-unseen from reputable mail-order nurseries. Most plants that are sold mail-order across slate lines must re inspected and certified disease-free before they arc packaged and shipped. When buying plants such as strawberries or raspberries, which. t-ften carry viral diseases, buy from a specialized producer who employs highly effective modern screening methods. Such growers are most likely to offer a wide selection of disease-free plants and are more likely to back up their sales with guarantees should your new plants show disease symptoms. 

Fiber. Diets rich in dietary fiber, especially prebiotic fiber, have broad physiological benefits, including decreased blood levels of cholesterol and lowered risk of several types of cancer and coronary artery disease. The top superfruit sources of fiber are mangoes, figs, oranges, strawberries, the Rubus berries (raspberries, blackberries, boysenberries), goji berries (wolfberries), kiwifruits, dates, a ai berries (as a puree or pulp), seaberries, and dried plums (prunes). 

Because cherries are rich in anthocyanins, they are often linked with potential to treat diseases associated with inflammation, the onset mechanisms of which are thought to be particularly sensitive to anthocyanins. Accordingly, anthocyanin-rich fruit, including cherries as well as other berries such as the black raspberry and red grape, is a focus for inflammation research. 

Black raspberries are not included among the top twenty superfruits because they contain higher phenolic acid contents, are therefore sour if not bitter in taste, and are generally not enjoyed as much for fresh eating as the red species. Also, there is a limited supply of black raspberries in North America as this species has not been well crossbred to increase its resistance to plant diseases. Accordingly, farmers have not invested in black raspberries as a plant with higher disease risk and lower yield. 

Red raspberries contain dense contents of ellagic acid, ellagitannins, and several other polyphenols under active research for potential health benefits as anti-inflammatory factors. These phenolic compounds have importance in research on diseases that start first with inflammation, such as cancer, chronic arthritis, Alzheimer s disease, diabetes, and obesity. In research done at Cornell University, scientists studying four cul-tivars of red raspberry identified differences in polyphenol content that were directly related to the color intensity of the respective juices. The color of the juice correlated well to the anthocyanin contents of each raspberry cultivar. In the same studies, proliferation of human liver cancer cells—as part of a laboratory test of potential anticancer activity— was significantly suppressed by the raspberry polyphenols. 

---