Mosaic virus

Bloomer, A.C., et al. Protein disk of tobacco mosaic virus at 2.8 A resolution showing the interactions within and between subunits. Nature TIB-. 362-368, 1978. 

A nucleic acid can never code for a single protein molecule that is big enough to enclose and protect it. Therefore, the protein shell of viruses is built up from many copies of one or a few polypeptide chains. The simplest viruses have just one type of capsid polypeptide chain, which forms either a rod-shaped or a roughly spherical shell around the nucleic acid. The simplest such viruses whose three-dimensional structures are known are plant and insect viruses the rod-shaped tobacco mosaic virus, the spherical satellite tobacco necrosis virus, tomato bushy stunt virus, southern bean mosaic vims. 

Rossmann, M.G., et al. Subunit interactions in southern bean mosaic virus. J. Mol. Biol. 166 37-72, 1983. 

FIGURE 10.13 Analysis of brome mosaic virus BMV on SynChropak GPC 500. Column 250 X 4.6 mm i.d. Mobile phase 0.05 A1 Bis-Tris, 0.5 A1 sodium acetate, pH 5.9. Flow rate 0.3 ml/min. (Reprinted from Jerson Silva and MICRA Scientific, Inc., with permission.)... 

Antiparallel tt-helix proteins are structures heavily dominated by a-helices. The simplest way to pack helices is in an antiparallel manner, and most of the proteins in this class consist of bundles of antiparallel helices. Many of these exhibit a slight (15°) left-handed twist of the helix bundle. Figure 6.29 shows a representative sample of antiparallel a-helix proteins. Many of these are regular, uniform structures, but in a few cases (uteroglobin, for example) one of the helices is tilted away from the bundle. Tobacco mosaic virus protein has small, highly... 

Extracts from 152 plant species, representing 46 different families, were screened for effects on tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) replication in cucumber cotyledons. Twenty species have shown enough activity to warrant further study. Several members of the Caprifoliaceae family increased virus replication. An extract of Lonicera involucrata enlarged the virus lesions in local lesion hosts and produced a thirty fold increase in virus titer, but had no effect on virus replication in systemic hosts. The active material appears to affect the virus defense mechanism of local lesion hosts. An extract of common geranium is an active virus inhibitor. It inactivates TMV and TMV-RNA (ribonucleic acid) in vitro by forming non-infectious complexes. In vivo, it also inhibited starch lesion formation in cucumber cotyledons incited by TMV infection. 

Cucumber cotyledons were inoculated with purified tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) 20 to 24 hours before vacuum infiltration with different concentrations of crude water extracts of plant leaves (4). After 7 days, inoculated leaves were harvested and stored 24 hours in the dark in a moist chamber to remove excess starch. Starch lesions were counted after clearing with alcohol and staining with an iodine-potassium iodide-lactic acid mixture. The inhibitory effects of various extracts were demonstrated by comparing lesion counts of treated cotyledons to counts on control cotyledons. 

Fraser, R.S.S. (1982). Are pathogenesis-related proteins involved in acquired systemic resistance of tobacco plants to tobacco mosaic virus Journal of General Virology, 58, 305-13. 

Whenham, R.J., Fraser, R.S.S., Brown, L.P. Payne, J.A. (1986). Tobacco-mosaic-virus-induced increase in abscisic-acid concentration in tobacco leaves Intracellular location in light and dark-green areas, and relationship to symptom development. Planta, 168, 592-8. 

P] Halstrom, J., Kovdcs, K., Bninfeldt, K. Synthesis of the N-lVityl Hex ieplide Hydrazide Corresponding to the Sequence 152-157 of the Coat Protein of Tbbacco Mosaic Virus. Comparison of the Homogeneous and the Solid Phase Syntheses", Acta Chem. Scand. 1973, 27. 3085-3090. 

The development of high-magnification microscopy made it possible to create images of biological materials at the molecular level. Many of these images show structures that have liquid crystalline aspects. Shown here are aligned mosaic virus molecules and protein molecules in voluntary muscles. In addition, all cell walls are picket fences of rod-shaped molecules in regular yet fluid arra. ... 

Some virus particles have their protein subunits symmetrically packed in a helical array, forming hollow cylinders. The tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is the classic example. X-ray diffraction data and electron micrographs have revealed that 16 subunits per turn of the helix project from a central axial hole that runs the length of the particle. The nucleic acid does not lie in this hole, but is embedded into ridges on the inside of each subunit and describes its own helix from one end of the particle to the other. 

Odell JT, Nagy F, Chua NH (1985) Identification of DNA sequences required for activity of cauliflower mosaic virus 35 S promoter. Nature 313 810-812... 

CaMV Cauliflower mosaic virus GMO Genetically modified organism... 

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and watermelon mosaic virus 2 (WMV2)... 

The capped leader sequence of the brome mosaic virus mRNA, an oligonucleotide 5 triphosphate, has been synthesized analogously by reaction of an oligoribonucleotide 5 -phosphoric imidazolide. 951... 

Putting aside such considerations, the reader is encouraged to examine the sections of Klug s Nobel Lecture 1W) dealing with the structure and the growth of Tobacco Mosaic Virus to see how helical structures and concepts of inclusion phenomena can relate to molecular biology. 

She, Y. M. Haber, S. Siefers, D. L. Loboda, A. Chernushevich, I. Perreault, H. Ens, W. Standing, K. G. Determination of the complete amino acid sequence for the coat protein of brome mosaic virus by time-of-flight mass spectrometry Evidence for mutations associated with change of propagation host. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 246, 20039-20047. 

Santos NC and Castanho MARB. 1996. Teaching light scattering spectroscopy The dimension and shape of tobacco mosaic virus. Biophysical Journal 71(3) 1641-1650. 

Coat protein, southern bean mosaic virus (Silva and Rossmann, 1985) X-ray 6 0.09 0.100... 

Yi L, Shi J, Gao S et al (2009) Sulfonium alkylation followed by click chemistry for facile surface modification of proteins and tobacco mosaic virus. Tetrahedron Lett 50 759-762... 

---