Wilt, verticillium

Wilted plants with no root damage may have Verticillium wilt. Verticillium-infected plants look stunted and may collapse during their first summer in the ground inner leaves may remain green until the plant dies. There is no cure for Verticillium wilt. You must plant a new bed where you haven t grown strawberries or other Verticillium-susceptible plants, such as tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, or eggplants, for the past few years. Verticillium-resistant cultivars include Blakemore , Catskill , Guardian , Robinson , Sunrise , and Surecrop . 

Fig. 12.8 Verticillium wilt Verticillium albo-atrum). (a) Conidiophore conidial heads, and conidia (b) Groups of conidiophore (c) Dark mycelium (d) Conidia.

Lucerne Verticillium wilt Verticillium albo-atrum... 

Larena, I. et al.. Biocontrol of Fusarium and Verticillium wilt of tomato by Penicillium oxalicum under greenhouse and field conditions, J. Phytopath, 151, 507, 2003. Hashem, A.M., Purification and properties of a milk-clotting enzyme produced by Penicillium oxalicum, Biores. Technol, 75, 219, 2000. 

Pullman GS, DeVay JE, Garber RH, Weinhold AR (1981b) Soil solarization Effects on Verticillium wilt of cotton and soilbome populations of Verticillium dahliae, Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, and Thielaviopsis basicola. Phytopathology 71 954-959 Rabinowitch HD, Katan J, Ben David B, Rotem L, Zig U (1985) Soil solarization in onion effects in successive years. Hassadeh 65 1792... 

Tjamos EC, Paplomatas EJ (1988) Long term effect of soil solarization in controlling Verticillium wilt of globe artichokes in Greece. Plant Pathol 37 507-515. doi 10. Ill 1/j. 1365-3059.1988. tb02108.x... 

Tjamos EC, Biris DA, Paplomatas EJ (1991) Recovery of olive trees with Verticillium wilt after individual application of soil solarization in established olive orchards. Plant Dis 75 557-562... 

Narisawa K et ai, Suppression of Verticillium wilt in eggplant by some fungal root endophytes, Europ J Plant Pathol 108 103—109, 2002. 

Bae, J., Halterman, D., Jansky, S. H. (2008). Identification of a molecular marker associated with Verticillium wilt resistance in diploid interspecific potato hybrids. Molecular Breeding, 22, 61-69. 

Jansky, S. H., Rouse, D. I. (2000). Identification of potato interspecific hybrids resistant to Verticillium wilt and determination of criteria for resistance assessment. Potato Research, 43,239-251. 

Azad, H.R., Davis, J.R., Schnathorst, W.C., Kado, C.I. Influence of Verticillium wilt resistant and susceptible potato genotypes on populations of antagonistic rhizosphere and rhizoplane bacteria and free nitrogen fixers. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1987 26 99-104. 

Matsubara Y., Tamura H., Harada T. Growth enhancement and Verticillium wilt control vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus inoculation in eggplant. J Japan Soc Hort Sd. 1995 555-561. 

Madhosingh, C. 1996. A rapid tomato seedling assay for Verticillium wilt. Phytopathology 144, 131-134... 

Leaves wilt and yeUow on an entire branch. Cause Vertieillium wilt. A soilborne fungus causes this disease, and there is no way to save a tree once it has this problem. Don t plant avocados in soil that has sustained other Verticillium-susceptible crops such as tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants. If you suspect Vertieillium fungi may be in your soil, solarize... 

Eggplants are susceptible to many of the same problems, pests, and diseases as tomatoes, including flower drop or misshapen fruit due to extreme temperatures, flea beetles, Colorado potato beetles, aphids, hornworms, mites, Verticillium and Eusarium wilts, tobacco mosaic virus, and anthracnose fruit rot. See the Tomato entry beginning on page 227 for symptoms, causes, and controls. 

Plant wilts cut-open roots are discolored. Cause Verticillium or Fusarium wilt. There is no cure for these diseases. They are caused by a number of fungi, each of which attack only Sftecific plants or plant families. Pull and destroy infected plants. Avoid planting susceptible members of the same plant family for 3 or more years in soil where disease symptoms have developed. 

Older leaves yellow shoots or whole plant wilts. Cause Fusarium or Verticillium wilt. Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt are both fungal diseases and are difficult to tell apart. Both Fusarium and Verticillium wilt begin as a yellowing and wilting of the lower leaves. 

Plants are stunted and do not recover when watered. Cut open a stem near the soil line and look for internal discoloration. Verticillium fungi are active between 68° and 75°F, while Fusarium is active between 80° and 90°E Destroy infected plants. Pepper Fusarium infects only peppers, while Verticillium infects a wide range of plant species, making effective rotation control difficult. Prevent problems by presoaking seed in a 10 percent bleach solution. Control pest nematodes to help reduce wilt problems. Few wilt-resistant cultivars are available Giant Szegedi is tolerant of Verticillium. 

Leaves yellow plant stunted and may be wilted. Causes White grubs tuberworms wireworms black leg root knot nematodes Verticillium wilt. If plants wilt suddenly, look for fat white grubs with brown heads, pinkish white larvae, or yellow to reddish brown, hard, segmented larvae chewing on roots or tubers. See Potatoes riddled with tunnels on page 191 for descriptions and controls. 

If roots and stem are undamaged, the plants may have Verticillium wilt. Stems cut near the soil line are discolored inside. This fungal disease usually appears when the plants flower. Destroy infected plants. Prevent problems by planting tolerant cultivars such as Beltsville and Rhinered . 

Verticillium wilt. Leaves. L turn dull green starting at bottom of plant shoots wilt cane base turns blue-black... 

Fruit small, tasteless, and dry. Cause Verticillium wilt. For more information, see "New canes die in midsummer on page 199. Drought can also cause these symptoms. 

---