Wound Causes

Fig. 13.1. Illustration of the depth of wounding caused by peeling agents...

This fungal disease originates from the soil or other clematis plants. It is thought infection occurs in conditions of high humidity. Infection enters through small wounds caused, for example, by birds, insects, or bruising by plant ties. 

Soilborne fungal disease, which enters through cracks in bark, or wounds caused by the raspberry midge. It is spread by rain-splash and on tools. 

The rate of vivo accumulation of both inhibitor proteins steadily Increases, reaching a steady state after nine hours. However, a second wound at nine hours results in a tripling of the steady state rate of inhibitor accumulation over the next several hours. The data Indicates that the second wound causes no change in the apparent translational efficiencies of the mRNA for Inhibitors I and II but causes Increased rates of inhibitor accumulation by providing more translatable inhibitor messages when the plant s translation system is operating at high efficiency. 

Ndumu et al. evaluated the effectiveness of Azadirachta indica seed oil against the larvae of this parasite [95]. They administered the oil as hydroalcoholic solutions ranging 4.2-100% and computed the mortality within 60 hours. Authors observed that the mortality of larvae was concentration and time dependent 100% mortality was observed with 100% pure neem oil after 48 h. The LD50 of different concentrations were 33.3% (56 h) and 66.7% (48 h). Author also observed little or no adverse effects on treated animals. Furthermore, they stated that the open wound caused by tick bites and therefore exposed to potential fungal and bacterial attacks, could be protected by the microbicidal properties of the neem oil. Previously, the effectiveness of neem oil was also observed by Williams and Mansingh against another tick species of the same genus, A. cajennense, another cattle tick [96]. 

About four years ago. Bertucci did not have me thrown out in the canal he allowed me a month to make other arrangements. He was stem, but never vicious. Enrico told me more than once how the old man s war wounds caused him great pain, yet he never complained. And you tell me somebody murdered him This is a terrible thing. ... 

Physiological Action.—Phosphorus in oil or emulsified in fat and chalk has been used in medicine, but appears to have no particular value. However, a preparation made by exposing finely divided iron to the vapours of smouldering phosphorus is useful as an application to wounds caused by corrosive concentrated carbolic acid. 

Infections can also occur in spring and summer via wounds caused by pruning, hail, frost, etc., but cannot occur unless there is some form of wound. 

Pupil distortion may be caused by many factors. If a wound leak is present, a wick of vitreous or prolapsed iris may become incarcerated in the wound, causing a distorted or peaked pupil. The peak of the pupil often points toward the incarcerated area (Figure 30-6). 

Yellin, A., Golan, M., Klein, E., Avigad, I., Rosenman, J., and Lieberman, Y., Penetrating thoracic wounds caused by plastic buUets, J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 1992. 

Stahl CJ and Davis JH (1969). Missile wounds caused by tear gas Pen guns. Am J Clin Pathol, 52, 270-276. 

Post assemblies which are inserted into pierced ears and other pierced parts of the human body during epithelialization of the wound caused by piercing, whether subsequently removed or not, unless such post assemblies are homogeneous and the concentration of nickel -expressed as mass of nickel to total mass - is less than 0.05%. 

The deposits may function in plugging or sealing the wound caused by injury due to the pathogen and may restrict the loss of molecules and ions and the movement of toxic substances into the tissues. Little is known about induction of the synthesis of the callose although membrane-bound plant 1,3-3-glucan synthetases have been described (112). Callose formation is induced by various chemical and physical stimuli (113, 114, 115) and there is evidence that membrane disruption (116, 117), such as may result from microbial infection, can initiate callose deposition. Whether the stimulus is provided by a specific binding to plasma membranes of microbial metabolites, such as... 

Notwithstanding its deficiencies as an incendiary, phosphorus has a certain tactical value because of the power of obscuration caused by the volatility of its final combustion product, phosphorus pentoxide (PgOs), the spontaneous re-ignitibility of doused, unburned residues, and the severity of the wounds caused by burning phosphorus when it comes in contact with human skin. Its burning properties can be improved by mixing it with synthetic (GRS) rubber, a mixture called plasticized white phosphorus (PWP). ... 

A review of the real life wounding patterns that investigated 500 patients attending an accident and emergency unit in Glasgow revealed that the majority (63.3%) of the wounds caused by knives were slash-type, and these attacks could be disfiguring and also be life-threatening if they involved the blood vessels. ... 

A review conducted by Bleetman et al in 2003 also revealed that one third of the assault victims admitted to the hospital were injured by a knife. The majority of those knife injuries were slash-type injuries to the face, with fewer affecting the upper Umb and the trunk. Less than a quarter of fatal wounds caused by stabs are inflicted in the chest region and the distribution of the wounds suggests that, in real life attacks, most of knife assaults are slash attacks in the arm, neck, shoulder, and thigh regions. UK National Health Service (NHS) data suggests that, in 2010/11, there were 4643 people admitted to hospital as a result of assault by sharp objects. The number of admissions was more or less similar in the previous 10 years. Fig. 7.1 shows the percentage of assaults by injury location. 

K Williams, Malodorous wounds causes and treatments , Nursing and Residential Care, 1999 1(5) 276-85. 

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