Raspberry, black

I chose a French martini to greet my freedom from worry, guilt and doubt—a drink with the pink of health. A French martini is typically a vodka martini, with the addition of Chambord Liqueur Royale de France, a black raspberry Cognac liqueur that also includes citrus, cinnamon, vanilla and French acacia honey. 

Despite the fact that a-L-rhamnosylpyranoside usually occurs in the anthocya-nins as the dissacharide rutinose, a-rhamnose was found in acerola, linked at position 3 to cyanidin and pelargonidin and to delphinidin in Vaccinium padifolium blueberries,and at the 5 position in black raspberries, " red raspberries, " and purple mashua. The D- and L-configurations were not assigned in any of these studies. 

Sambubiose was less widespread, as a constituent of the major anthocyanins from red currants," elderberries," Davidson s plums, black raspberries, and small red beans, - and hnked to minor anthocyanins from agai " and Vaccinium padifolium blueberries. - Considering the anthocyanins identihed at least with MS, as far as we are concerned, this disaccharide was not reported in vegetables, cereals, or grains. 

Kresty, L.A. et al., Chemoprevention of esophageal tumorigenesis by dietary administration of lyophilized black raspberries. Cancer Res., 61, 6112, 2001. 

Tian, Q. et al., Urinary excretion of black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) anthocyanins and their metabolites, J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 1467, 2006. 

Li J, Zhang D, Stoner GD and Huang C. 2008. Differential effects of black raspberry and strawberry extracts on BaPDE-induced activation of transcription factors and their target genes. Mol Carcinogenesis 47 286-294. 

What s the most popular flavor of ice cream Black raspberry Peppermint ... 

Pepper, red Persimmon Plum, blue Plum, yellow Pomegranate Raspberry, black Raspberry, red Rhubarb Strawberry Tangerine T omato... 

The antioxidant activity of anthocyanins in the fruits and leaves from different cultivars of the thornless blackberry (Rubus sp.), red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) and strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa D.) was reported [54]. Studies on the ability of endothelial cells (EC) to incorporate anthocyanins and on the potential benefits against various oxidative stressors showed that the enrichment of EC with elderberry anthocyanins gave significant protective effects in the endothelial cells against the oxidative stressors, hydrogen peroxide, 2,2/-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, and iron(II) sulfate/ascorbic acid [55]. 

Wu, X. Pittman, H.E. Hager, T. Hager, A. 2009. Phenolic acids in black raspberry and in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs fed black raspberry. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 53 S76-S84. 

Anthocyanin Grape Straw- berry Cran- berry Marion- berry Blueberry Black Raspberry... 

Cyanidin-3-glucoside, Cyanidin-3-rutinoside, Cyanidin-3-sambubioside Black raspberry Pig Wu and Prior, unpublished... 

Alpha-linolenic acid (18 3n-3) is an 18-carbon fatty acid with three double bonds at carbons 9, 12, and 15. It is an essential n-3 fatty acid that is a required nutrient for human beings and can be obtained through diets including both plant and animal sources. Alpha-linolenic acid can be converted by elongases and desaturases to other beneficial n-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosa-hexaenoic acid (DHA), which are implicated in normal brain development, normal vision, and a decreased risk of heart disease. Novel dietary sources of n-3 fatty acids are desired for those who do not consume adequate amounts of fish or fish-based food products rich in long-chain n-3 fatty acids. This section summarized fruit, spice, and herb seed oils rich in a-linolenic acid (18 3n-3). These include black raspberry, red raspberry, boysenberry, marionberry, blueberry, cranberry, sea buckthorn, basil, and hemp seed oils. 

Black Raspberry Seed Oil Rubus occidentalis L., cv Jewel)... 

Black raspberry is a member of the genus Rubus from the Roseacea family, which is also known as caneberries. The majority of black raspberry crops are located in the Northwest region of the United States, predominantly in Oregon. The annual harvests for black raspberries in Oregon in 2002 and 2003 were 3.02 million pounds and 2.70 million pounds, respectively. Nearly 99.5% of the total crop goes into postharvest production (http //www.nass.usda.gov/or/berries03.pdf), and seeds are a major byproduct thereof. 

The fatty acid profile of two cold-pressed black raspberry seed oils demonstrated high concentrations of both n-3 and total unsaturated fatty acids. The concentration of ot-linolenic acid (18 3n-3) was 35% of total fats, and unsaturated fatty acids comprised 98-99% (Table 1). Linoleic acid was the predominant fatty acid (Table 1) however, the ratios of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids were very low at 1.6 1. The other measurable fatty acids included oleic (18 ln-9) and palmitic (16 0) acids (Table 1). The overall fatty acid composition of black raspberry seed oil was very similar to red raspberry seed oil (1) (Table 1). 

Red Raspberry is a production crop grown throughout the world, and the total worldwide annual production is typically around 250,000 metric tons (http //www.oregon-berries.com). The majority of commercial raspberries are grown in Eastern Europe, followed by Northern and Western Europe, the United States, and Chile. Like black raspberries, red raspberries are also grown in the Northwest region of the United States, and total production in the years 2002 and 2003 was 42.2 metric tons (MT) and 38 MT, respectively (http // www.nass.usda.gov/or/berries03. pdQ. 

Fatty Acid Black Raspberry " Red Raspberry Boysenberry Marionberry Biueberry Cranberry " Buckthorn sinensis Buckthorn rhamnoides Buckthorn mongolica... 

Black raspberry, Red raspberry, Boysenberry, Marionberry Blueberry, Cranberry, Buckthorn sinesis, Buckthorn rhamnoides, and Buckthorn mongolica, stand for black raspberry red raspberry, boysenberry, marionberry, blueberry, cranberry, buckthorn sinesis, buckthorn rhamnoides, and buckthorn mongolica seed oil, respectively. Numbers correspond to the references cited, nd stands for not detected. 

Like the other caneberries (black raspberry, red raspberry, marionberry), boysenberry also prefers the growing conditions found in the Northwest region of the United States. However, aside from Oregon, boysenberry is also grown in Northern California as a production crop. In 2002 and 2003, the total boysenberry production in the United States was 2665 tons and 2350 tons, respectively. 

In 2004, Parry et al. (3) examined the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of cold-pressed marionberry seed oil. The oil was shown to contain a relatively high percentage of n-3 fatty acids in the form of a-linolenic acid (15.7%) (Table 1). This amount was lower than that of other caneberry seed oils, including black raspberry, red raspberry, and boysenberry seed oils, tested under the same conditions. The n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio was 4 1, which was the highest among the tested caneberry group. 

The cold-pressed blueberry seed oil investigated by Parry and Yu. (3) demonstrated a high concentration of n-3 fatty acids. Alpha linolenic acid was the sole source of the n-3 and comprised 25.1 % of the total fatty acids (Table 1). The ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids was 1.7 1. Linoleic acid (18 2n-6) was the most prevalent fatty acid in the blueberry seed oil followed by a-linolenic, oleic, palmitic (16 0), and stearic (18 0) acids (Table 1). The blueberry seed oil also showed a significantly higher antioxidant capacity compared with marionberry, black raspberry, cranberry, and pumpkin seed oils using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) test. Therefore, blueberry seed oil may serve as an excellent dietary source of n-3 fatty acids and natural antioxidants. 

The screening of red and black raspberries, highbush blueberries, and grapes for anthocyanins was reported by Tian et al. [28]. They apphed a combination of precmsor-ion and neutral-loss analysis mode, product-ion MS-MS, and SRM. The neutral-loss analysis enabled discrimination between glucosides/galactosides and arabinosides. 

Cane blight causes canes with large, brownish purple areas extending over several buds. This fungal disease, most common on black raspberries, usually enters through a wound. Sideshoots may wilt and entire canes may die. 

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