Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain

List of Abbreviations cDNA, complementary DNA ddH20, double-distilled H2O dNTP, deoxyribonu-cleotide triphosphate EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid MgCl2, magnesium chloride mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid NaOH, sodium hydroxide PCR, polymerase chain reaction qRT PCR, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction RNase, ribonuclease RT PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction UTR, untranslated region... 

E. Therapeutic response Efficacy of Infergen therapy was determined by measurement of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations at the end of therapy (24 weeks) and following 24 weeks of observation after the end of treatment of adults with chronic HCV infection. Serum HCV RNA was also assessed using a quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). At the end of 24 weeks of treatment, ALT normalization was observed in 39% of patients on Infergen and in 35% of patients on interferon alfa-2b Intron A). Only 17% of patients in each group... 

Galvan, B. Christopoulos, T. K. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for prostate-specific antigen mRNA. Clin. Biochem. 1997, 30(5), 391-397. 

Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. 

Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). 

Van den Heuvel JP, Clark GC, Kohn MC, et al. 1994. Dioxin-responsive genes Examination of dose-response relationships using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Cancer Res 54(l) 62-68. 

Direct immunohistochemical analysis of prostatic tissue has become very popular since the development of AR antibodies. However, a disadvantage of this technique in quantitative analysis is that the intensity of the immunohistochemical stain is dependent on the intactness of the structure of the AR. Therefore, mutations or alterations in the structure may reduce staining intensity (T5). Biochemical and immunohistochemical studies of AR content in relation to grade or stage of disease, as well as prediction of response to endocrine therapy, has been inconsistent. Nearly all primary prostate cancer specimens positively express AR protein, as determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis as well as by immunohistochemical analysis on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary prostate tissues (D12, H14). In advanced-stage prostate cancer, immunohistochemical techniques has shown that metastases in bone, the... 

Talantov D, Baden J, Jatkoe T, et al. A quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay to identify metastatic carcinoma tissue of origin. J Mol Diagn. 2006 8 320-329. 

Winer J, Jung CK, Shackel 1, Williams PM. Development and validation of realtime quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for monitoring gene expression in cardiac myocytes in vitro. Anal Biochem 1999 270 41-49. 

Rl. Raja, S., Luketich, J. D., Kelly, L. A., Gooding, W. E., Finkelstein, S. D., and Godfrey, T. E., Rapid, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction Application to intraoperative molecular detection of occult metastases in esophageal cancer. /. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 123, 475-483 (2002). 

Manning CB, Mossman BT, Taatjes DJ. Analysis of asbestos-induced gene expression changes in bronchiolar epithelial cells using laser capture microdissection and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Methods Mol Biol 2006 319 231-236. 

The stem cell is able to differentiate in a sinusoidal MF of 800pT with frequency of 50Hz. Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)... 

Abrahamsen HN, Steiniche T, Nexo E, et al. Towards quantitative mRNA analysis in paraffin-embedded tissues using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. A methodological study on lymph nodes from melanoma patients. J. Mol. Diagn. 2003 5 34-41. 

The methods used for the evaluation of regulation of gene expression are too numerous to be described in detail here. They include Northern analysis to determine levels of a particular mRNA, nuclear run on to determine whether an increase in mRNA is due to an increase in the rate of transcription, and promoter deletion analysis to identify specific elements in the promoter region responsible for the control of expression. Of much current interest is the use of microarrays that permit the study of the expression of hundreds to thousands of genes at the same time. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and RNase protection assay techniques are used to amplify and quantitate mRNAs, while the electrophoretic mobility shift assay is used to measure binding of a transcription factor to its specific DNA consensus sequence. 

The authors would like to thank Dr. Thomas Rushmore, Dr. Karen Richards, and Ms. Kristie Strong-Basalyga for their contribution in the development of the quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for CYP analysis in primary hepatocytes. 

Bowen WP, Carey J, Miah A, et al. Measurement of cytochrome P450 gene induction in human hepatocytes using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Dmg Metab Dispos 2000 28 781-788. 

Irving, J. M., Chang, L. W., and Castillo, F. J. (1993). A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection and quantitation of murine retroviruses. Bio Technology 11, 1042-1046. 

Kodera, Y., Nakanishi, H., Ito, S., Yamamura, Y., Kanemitsu, Y., Shimizu, Y., et al.. Quantitative detection of disseminated free cancer cells in peritoneal washes with realtime reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction A sensitive predictor of outcome for patients with gastric carcinoma. Ann. Surg. 235, 499-506 (2002). 

Schulz, S., Hyslop, T., Haaf, J. et al. (2006) A validated quantitative assay to detect occult micrometastases by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of guanylyl cyclase C in patients with colorectal cancer. Clin Canc r Res, 12, 4545-4552. 

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