Prostate tissue

OTR is also expressed in male reproductive tissues, like testis, epididymis and in the prostate. OT increases the resting tone of prostatic tissue from guinea pig, rat, dog and human. The activation of these receptors could lead to the contraction of the prostate and the resulting expulsion of prostatic secretions during ejaculation. 

An evaluation of the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (Giovannucci et al., 1995) has detected a lower prostate cancer risk associated with the greater consumption of tomatoes and related food products. Tomatoes are the primary dietary source of lycopene and lycopene concentrations are highest in testis and adrenal tissue (Clinton, 1998). In paired benign and malignant prostate tissue from 25 American men, 53-74 yrs, undergoing... 

Kucuk, O. et al.. Effects of lycopene supplementation in patients with localized prostate cancer, Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood), 227, 881, 2002. van Breemen, R.B. et al.. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of cis- and all-trans-lycopene in human serum and prostate tissue after dietary supplementation with tomato sauce, J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 2214, 2002. 

Prostate needle biopsy Transrectally, a biopsy needle is inserted into the prostate. Tissue core is sent to a pathologist for analysis A normal prostate should have no evidence of BPH or prostate cancer The biopsy is consistent with BPH... 

Benign prostatic hyperplasia A benign condition wherein the overgrowth of prostate tissue may impede the flow of urine. 

Patients must be monitored to assess their response to treatment and to detect recurrent diseases. PSA as a specific marker for prostate cancer is most useful in monitoring patients who have been treated with radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, or endocrine therapy. The concentration of PSA falls to undetectable levels following a radical prostatectomy because all prostate tissue has been removed. Generally, PSA is measured at periodic intervals. In studies, the extent of disease at the time of surgery correlated well with the postoperative PSA concentration. A significant measurable PSA concentration after prostatectomy indicates that residual tumor may be present. PSA concentrations decline gradually after radiation therapy (36). 

Ultrasensitive assays for PSA contribute to the earlier detection of prostate cancer relapse and (or) residual disease in prostatectomized patients as well as the more timely evaluation of response to current therapies. PSA determinations can be useful in detecting metastatic or persistent disease in patients following surgical or medical treatment of prostate cancer. Persistent elevation of PSA following treatment, or an increase in the pretreatment PSA concentrations, is indicative of recurrent or residual disease. Hence, PSA is widely accepted as an aid in the management of prostate cancer patients, and serum levels are most useful when sequential values are obtained and monitored over time. After complete removal of the prostate gland (radical prostatectomy), PSA levels should become very low or undetectable. A rise of the serum PSA level in prostatectomy patients indicates residual prostate tissue, recurrence, or metastasis of the disease (13, 16, 24, 36). 

All-trans lycopene is rapidly isomerized to an equilibrium mixture with its cis isomers both in cell culture medium (Liu et al. 2006) and in vivo in prostate tissue (Clinton et al. 1996, van Breemen et al. 2002). The cis isomers of lycopene are absorbed better than the all -trans isomers when fed to humans (Unlu et al. 2007). The 5 -cis isomer predominates in plasma (Gustin et al. 2004). Since lycopene absorption by prostate cells might be due to facilitated diffusion (Liu et al. 2006), it is likely that the cis isomers of lycopene form a significant proportion of intracellular lycopene in the experiments that are reviewed later. 

MiUington, D.S. Buoy, M.E. Brooks, G. Harper, M.E. Griffiths, K. Thin-Layer Chromatography and HR-SIM for the Analysis of C19 Steroids in Human Hyperplastic Prostate Tissue. Biomed. Mass Spectrom. 1975,2,219-224. 

Eor normal and neoplastic human breast and prostate tissues. 

It has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile with 90-100% oral absorption. Effective concentrations are reached in the CSF and also in prostatic tissue. Protein binding is about 45%. 

D) He has cumulative CNS toxicity of ciprofloxacin secondary to poor urinary and prostatic tissue penetration. 

C) Have higher levels of 5a-reductase than do prostatic tissue cells... 

Testosterone metabolism. The lipido-ste-rol extract (LSESr, Permixon) was studied in primary cultures of epithelial cells and fibroblasts separated from benign prostate hypertrophy and prostate cancer tissues. The extract inhibited the formation of the T metabolites androstenedione 5 4 and 5 a-DHT The lipophilic extracts of fruits inhibited T 5p-reductase (EC 1.3.99.5) (5(xR). For fatty acid-like 5(xR inhibition a strongly polar end-group and a molecular skeleton allowing nonpolar interactions with the enzyme were required. The result indicated that 5pR activity in prostatic tissue may be influenced by the lipid environ-... 

Lubrano, et al. Evidence that Serenoa repens extract displays an antiestrogenic activity in prostatic tissue of benign prostatic hypertrophy patients. Eur Urol... 

Study of intermittent effluxes of acid phosphatase activity in the urine of mature human males 29) led to the discovery of the enzyme in semen and prostate by Kutscher and Wolberg (S). The enzyme is very active in human prostatic tissue and the caudal lobe of the rhesus monkey. Dog prostate contains much less enzyme than human tissue. Cat, guinea pig, rabbit, and rat prostates contain little (SO). Synthesis... 

Androgen receptor activity has been reported to be preserved in the sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human archival benign prostate tissue that was stored for up to 16 years (Janssen et al 1994). In this study monoclonal antibody F39.4 was used it was raised against a synthetic peptide (SP61) corresponding to the human androgen receptor amino acid sequence 301-320 of the N-terminal domain. 

Prostate-specific antigen is currently the most frequently used marker for identifying normal and pathologically altered prostatic tissue in the male and female. At present, there... 

Paraffin-embedded prostatic tissue sections (5 xm thick) are deparaffinized and rehydrated (Scorilas et al., 2000). A 5% universal tissue conditioner (Biomeda) is applied for 10 min at room temperature to block any nonspecific binding. The sections are incubated with biotinylated monoclonal mouse antihuman PSA antibody ( 2mg/l) (Diagnostic Systems Laboratories [coded 8301]) for 1 hr at 37°C. The sections are stained with (SA)Z-(biotin)x-PVA-(BCPDA)y-Eu3+ for 25 min at 37°C. After each step, the sections are rinsed briefly with 0.5 ml/1 Tween 20 solution. The slides are dried with a stream of cold air, and the resultant fluorescence is observed with a time-resolved fluorescence microscope. 

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