Qualitative development requirements information

Qualitative Development Requirements Information (QDRI). Information concerning items of Ordnance which will require future development. This information is furnished by class II Ordnance installations having a research and development mission to civilian organizations properly qualified by Ordnance Districts Qualitative Materiel Development Objective (QMDO). A Department of the Army approved statement of a military need for development of new materiel, the feasibility of which cannot be determined sufficiently to establish a qualitative materiel requirement... 

In food analysis, sensitivity is not the only requirement for analytical method development. Besides confirmation of the identity of pesticides, the identification of nontarget analytes is also important. One powerful tool is LC/MS, especially when it is combined with appropiate sample-treatment procedures it allows one to obtain detection limits adequate for trace-level analysis. Liquid chromatography-MS has demonstrated that it is an effective way to obtain both qualitative and quantitative information. 

As mentioned above, the basic theory of the Raman effect was developed before its discovery. However, at this time numerical calculations of the intensity of Raman lines were impossible, because these require information on all eigenstates of a scattering system. Placzek (1934) introduced a semi-classical approach in the form of his polarizability theory. This provided a basis for many other theoretical and experimental studies. Physicists and chemists worldwide realized the importance of the Raman effect as a tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis and for the detennination of structure. 

For New Product Forecast, it is recommended to develop a formal process to understand in detail each new product introduction and define which forecast model (both quantitatively and qualitatively) is more appropriate for each new launch. Demand planning area should model forecast requirements for pipeline fill separately from pure consumer demand , in order to be able to track and compare forecast vs. actual demand in the different phases of the new product introduction in the market. It is also necessary to develop an information database that will provide information about past launches performance, data required to apply the different forecast models, etc. 

Mechanistic Approaches. Adequate and appropriate river-quality assessment must provide predictive information on the possible consequences of water and land development. This requires an understanding of the relevant cause and effect relationships and suitable data to develop predictive models for basin management. This understanding may be achieved through qualitative, semi-quantitative or quantitative approaches. When quantitative or semi-quantitative methods are not available the qualitative approach must be applied. Qualitative assessments involve knowledge of how basin activities may affect river quality. This requires the use of various descriptive methods. An example of this kind of assessment is laboratory evaluation of the extent to which increases in plant nutrients, temperature or flow may lead to accelerated eutrophication with consequent reduction of water quality. 

Modelling can at least facilitate the determination of the most effective scale-up program. Information from three fields is needed for modelling (1) chemical kinetics, (2) mass transfer, and (3) heat transfer. The importance of information for different processes has been qualitatively evaluated (see Table 5.3-5). Obviously, sufficiently accurate information on heat transfer is needed for batch reactors, which are of great interest for fine chemicals manufacture. Kinetic studies and modelling requires much time and effort. Therefore, the kinetics often is not known. Presently, this approach is winning in the scale-up of processes for bulk chemicals. The tools developed for scale-up of processes for bulk chemicals have been proven to be very useful. Therefore, the basics of this approach will be discussed in more detail in subsequent sections. 

Information Concerning Production, Use, and Commercial Development. TSCA 5(d)(1)(A) requires each PMN to include information concerning the new substance s (proposed) categories of use, production volumes (by category of use), byproducts from production and use, estimated exposure to workers, and disposal methods. As with toxicity data, this production and use information must be provided only to the extent that it is "known to or reasonably ascertainable" by the notice submitter. Because the PMN is submitted prior to manufacture for non-R D purposes, most of this information will be prospective in nature, and it therefore will be expressed either in estimated ranges (where it is quantifiable at all) or in other, more qualitative terms.(15)... 

In addition, the type and number of assays developed may depend on why the testing is being done. If, on the one hand, the testing is to be done for worker safety within the industrial or pharmaceutical environment, where eye protection is mandatory for all employees, it may only be necessary to establish an irritant-nonirritant label rather than a qualitative ranking (nonirritating, slight, mild, moderate, severe, extreme). In these circumstances, only a single in vitro test or reliance on a data base of information on similar compounds may be required to achieve this level of information. However, because the information obtained would... 

Summary Thermodynamics often can be used to predict whether a reaction will occur spontaneously, but it gives very little information about the speed at which a reaction occurs. Kinetics is the study of the speed of reactions and is largely an experimental science. Some general qualitative ideas about reaction speed may be developed, but accurate quantitative relationships require that experimental data to be collected. 

Limitations on data availability are a recurrent concern in discussions about uncertainty analysis and probabilistic methods, but arguably these methods are most needed when data are limited. More work is required to develop tools, methods, and guidance for dealing with limited datasets. Specific aspects that require attention are the treatment of sampling error in probability bounds analysis, and the use of qualitative information and expert judgment. 

Solid state voltammetric methods can be used to obtain information on the composition of the materials used in works of art. Here, the methodology of the voltammetry of microparticles, developed by Scholz et al. [72, 73], will be presented. This methodology provides qualitative, quantitative, and structural information on sparingly soluble solid materials, as described in extensive reviews [74-77] and a precedent monograph [78], just requiring sample amounts in the ng-pg level. 

The CISs are rapidly becoming more popular and reliable as their field of application broadens. This is mainly due to the production of surface images by multipoint scanning and mapping. Hyperspectral imaging has proven its potential for qualitative analysis of pharmaceutical products and can be used when spatial information becomes relevant for an analytical application. Even if online applications and regulatory method validation require further development, the power of CIS in quality control and PAT needs no further demonstration, whatever the wavelength domain or method of spectra collection. 

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