Public Health Service establishment

In order to establish trends in contamination levels in major river systems—and ideally to document progress in cleaning up streams as a result of wastewater treatment plants funded though the FWPCA—the US Public Health Service established a Water Quality Network. The initial network provided water quality data at 50 surface water monitoring stations around the country. It s no exaggeration to say that the establishment of this network... 

In 1911, the United States held its first national conference on industrial diseases. In 1912, the U.S. Public Health Service, established in 1902, was expanded to include an occupational health division. In 1916, the American Occupational Medical Association was chartered. For the first time in our history, occupational health was being systematically addressed. It was during this period that the occupational medicine pioneer, Alice Hamilton, began her work characterizing the potential health hazards of the trades in the United States, including mining (Hamilton 1943). 

Federal authority to establish standards for drinking water systems originated with the enactment by Congress in 1883 of the Interstate Quarantine Act, which authorized the Director of the United States Public Health Services (USPHS) to establish and enforce regulations to prevent the introduction, transmission, or spread of communicable diseases. 

Both DDT and chlordan are used in colorless, odorless, deobase-type solvent DDT in 5% solution and chlordan in 2% solution. The oil solvent is used because it is a nonconductor and because experience has shown that the crystals from a film of oil solvent solution adhere more firmly to the surface sprayed. A pressure-type spray tank, either a hand pump or mechanical source of air pressure, is used, with a special nozzle which gives a fan-shaped nonmisting spray. A special dripless valve is used. Several valves and nozzles which meet these requirements are on the market. The appropriate areas are sprayed with this fan-shaped painting spray stream, so that the surface glistens with the wet film but there is not sufficient quantity to run down. Experience has shown that this will leave approximately 200 mg. of DDT per square foot or an equivalent amount of chlordan. This procedure is recommended by the U. S. Public Health Service in its spraying technique for residences and food establishments treated in its program of spraying DDT only for malaria control. It has not as yet recommended chlordan for this use. Specifications for the sprayer nozzles procedure can be obtained from this source. 

Herty communicated the mixed opinions of the Committee to Ransdell. The Senator indicated that he agreed that a privately-endowed institute was desirable, and that his intention was to call attention to the need for such an institution with the hope that some wealthy individuals would step forward to fund it (96, 97). On July 1, 1926, Ransdell did introduce a bill into the Senate calling for the establishment of a National Institute of Health within the United States Public Health Service (98, 99). 

The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) places the responsibility for establishing the safety and efficacy of human and veterinary drugs and devices and the safety of food and color additives on the sponsor of the regulated product. The Public Health Service Act requires that a sponsor... 

Data and information regarding an electronic product submitted as part of the procedures for establishing, amending, or repealing a standard for such product, described in section 358 of the Public Health Service Act. 

The Bureau of Radiological Health (BRH) of the Public Health Service for many years has been analyzing and evaluating environmental tritium. Several networks comprising various media have been established. Surface waters, rain, urine, and food are analyzed by the Southeastern Radiological Health Laboratory, and the results are reported periodically in Radiological Health Data and Reports. 

The United States Public Health Service is established. 

C) LACK OF FUNDS. On referral of a drug under subparagraph (B)(i), the Foundation shall issue a proposal to award a grant to conduct the requested studies unless the Foundation certifies to the Secretary, within a timeframe that the Secretary determines is appropriate through guidance, that the Foundation does not have funds available under section 499(j)(9)(B)(i) to conduct the requested studies. If the Foundation so certifies, the Secretary shall refer the drug for inclusion on the list established under section 4091 of the Public Health Service Act for the conduct of the studies. 

Parallel Track Mechanism A U.S. Public Health Service policy that makes promising investigational drugs for AIDS and other HIV-related diseases more widely available under parallel track protocols while the controlled clinical trials essential to establish the safety and effectiveness of new drugs are carried out. The system established by this policy is designed to make drugs more widely available to patients with these illnesses who have no therapeutic alternatives and who cannot participate in the controlled clinical trials. 

FDA. Biological Products Regulated under Section 351 of the Public Health Service Act Implementation of Biologies License Elimination of Establishment License and Product License, 1999. http //www.fda.gov/cber/rules/elapla.pdf... 

After World War II (WWII), the National Institute of Health broadened its research scope to include chronic diseases such as cancer and mental illness. In 1948, the institute was expanded and the name was changed to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). At present, the NIH consists of 17 institutes and is an agency within the U.S. Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services. Its budget in 1999 was U.S. 15.6 billion. The establishment and subsequent growth of the NIH reflects the emerging priority placed on scientific inquiry and treatments based on xmderstanding pathologic processes at a fundamental level. This trend continues currently as evidence-based medical practice. 

Establish backup plan for provision of routine public health services in the event of personnel reduction. 

Over 300 million people worldwide now consume optimally fluoridated water. The U.S. Public Health Service has established recommended levels for fluoride concentrations in water supplies in accordance with mean annual temperatures. The daily intake of fluoride not only comes from drinking water but also from food consumed or prepared with fluoridated water. Also, crops are frequently fertilized with phosphate fertilizers of high soluble-fluoride content, and food products including bone in animal feeds contain fluoride. 

The role of the national and state governments in the health care system is limited to those entitlement programs that have been legislated into federal or state law or where there is a federal and state partnership. Federal involvement in the provision of health care services began with the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS), an agency of the U.S. government. The PHS was established in 1798 to provide essential health care services to merchant marine personnel and members of the U.S. armed forces. Subsequent federal involvement in the provision of and the payment for health care has incrementally increased to include care for individuals with special entitlements. The latter include veterans of the armed forces, the elderly, indigent people. Native... 

Over 75 percent of the New Zealand health system is publicly funded. Public health services are delivered at the local level by Hospital and Health Services, each based around a single large tertiary hospital. The recently established Health Funding Agency (HFA) is responsible for purch2ising and monitoring health services across the country. 

In 1983, the secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services by administrative order established ATSDR as a separate agency of the Public Health Service. In 1984, amendments to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) authorized ATSDR to conduct public health assessments at RCRA sites when requested by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), states, or individuals, and to help EPA decide which substances should be regulated and at what levels those substances threaten human health. 

The National Toxicology Program (NTP), an interagency program, was established in 1978 as a cooperative effort within the US Public Health Service of the Department of Human Services. The four primary objectives of the NTP are to (1) coordinate toxicology research and testing activities within the department,... 

Each of these subdivisions is typically further subdivided. For example, CBER has offices of Management, Compliance, Therapeutic Research and Review, Vaccines Research and Review, Establishment Licensing and Product Surveillance, Blood Products and Communications and Training. Each are typically led by career civil servant Office Directors, although, currently, the Office of Orphan Product Development is headed by a Rear-Admiral from the US Public Health Service. 

Prior to the CWA, the Treasury Department was the overseer for the United States Public Health Service (USPHS). From 1914 to 1962 the USPHS established comprehensive reviews of drinking water concerns and... 

Amends the Public Health Service Act to eliminate the requirement of separate product and establishment licences and directs FDA to harmonise the review and approval requirements for biological products and new drugs to the extent possible. 

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