Hamilton. Alice

Hamilton, Alice and Hardy, Harriet Industrial Toxicology. Publishing Sciences Group, Inc. Acton, Mass. 

Hamilton, Alice. 1919. Women in the Lead Industries. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, no. 253. Washington, D.C. Government Printing Office. 

Hamilton, Alice. 1925. Industrial Poisons in the United States. New York MacMillan. 

Hamilton, Alice. Exploring the Dangerous Trades The Autobiography of Alice Hamilton, MD. Boston Northeastern University Press, 1985. 

Alice Luu Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, alice luu86 hotmail.com... 

Edward P. Hamilton was born in East Orange, New Jersey, son of the late Edward P. and Alice Wiley Hamilton. He attended the Hill School, Pottstown, Pennsylvania, and was graduated from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, in 1907, with a degree in civil engineering. The next seven years were spent in sanitary, hydraulic, and construction projects in the Catskills, Berkshires, and in Cuba. In 1914 he joined the staff of John Wiley Sons, the oldest book publishing house in New York City, established in 1807 by Mr. Hamilton s great-grandfather, Charles Wiley. 

Recognition of the need for chemists to design chemicals that are not only useful but of minimal hazard can be traced back to at least 1928, when Alice Hamilton, a well-known physician and pioneer in industrial medicine, made the following statements in her chapter Protection against industrial poisoning in the book Chemistry in Medicine [1] ... 

Nowadays, few would challenge Alice Hamilton s position that chemists should intentionally design chemicals to be safe in addition to being efficacious with regard to use. However, until statutory changes are made in the TSCA that authorize the EPA to require that chemical manufacturers provide evidence of safety of new industrial chemical substances before such substances can be marketed, the concept of designing safer chemicals will never fully be adopted, regardless of how many more well-written papers or books are published on the topic. 

Alice Hamilton, BrainyQuote available at http //www.brainyquote. com/quotes/authors/a/alicenh amilton.html (accessed June 12, 2009). 

Alice Hamilton (1869-1970). This petite American physician was a true hero in the field of industrial medicine. She was the first woman to be named to the Harvard Medical School staff her writings included Industrial Poisons in the United States (1925), Industrial Toxicology (1934), and Exploring the Dangerous Trades (1943). Dr. Hamilton was a pioneer who performed much of her own field research. When she sought to better understand the hazards associated with lead, she introduced herself to leadworkers, went to their modest homes, interviewed their family members, and observed them firsthand performing their dirty, dangerous jobs. 

Dr Alice Hamilton (1869-1970 worked in the USA, especially on lead poisoning). 

Lead s record as an injurious, even lethal fetal toxicant in humans dates in modem times to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Some of the associated statistics are presented in Table 14.1. Virtually all of this documented toxicological record for toxic exposures of pregnant women in the workplace is found in European records since more detailed registry information existed at those times in Europe than in the United States. The U.S. interest at the time was directed more to men working in the various lead industries, based on the widely disseminated research and writings of occupational physician Alice Hamilton (1914a,b, 1919, 1924, 1925). 

Alice Hamilton, BrainyQuote http //www.brainyquote.com/quotes/ quotes/a/alicehamil230401.html, (accessed Aug 2015). 

For the quotations in the paragraph, see Oliver (1911), pp. 84-85. Another expert who characterized lead as a race poison was Alice Hamilton, a physician initially affiliated with the U.S. Government and then later with Harvard University. See Hamilton (1925), pp. 110-111, and particularly the title of her chapter 8. 

In 1911, the United States held its first national conference on industrial diseases. In 1912, the U.S. Public Health Service, established in 1902, was expanded to include an occupational health division. In 1916, the American Occupational Medical Association was chartered. For the first time in our history, occupational health was being systematically addressed. It was during this period that the occupational medicine pioneer, Alice Hamilton, began her work characterizing the potential health hazards of the trades in the United States, including mining (Hamilton 1943). 

Publication of Alice Hamilton s Exploring the Dangerous Trades. 

Sicherman, Barbara. Alice Hamilton A Life in Letters. Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press, 1984. 

On Alice Hamilton, see Hamilton, Exploring the Dangerous Traces Hepler, Women in Labor and Sicherman, Alice Hamilton. 

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