Entitlement programs

One of the negative aspects of any diversity program is that it is an entitlement program, and then people don t always perform. A more important problem is the feeling that This is being dealt with over there, so the rest of the people in either the company or the department don t feel that it is their responsibility. If there is a formal program elsewhere in the organization, individuals may conclude, I don t need to get involved in this it has already been handled. ... 

Medicare is an entitlement program and serves all eligible beneficiaries regardless of income or medical history Like Social Securify, Medicare is based on a system of social insurance. Medicare is composed of two programs. Medicare Part A covers inpatient care in hospitals and skilled nursing facilities. It also covers hospice care and some home health care. Part A is financed by a 1.45% payroll fax paid by bofh employees and employers (2.9% for self-employed persons). Currenf employers and employees pay for the health care of current Medicare beneficiaries, wifh the expectation that when they reach age 65 they will receive the same benefits. In the U.S., when people turn 65 years of age, they are automatically eligible for Medicare s Parf A, and they do not have to pay for the hospital insurance if they, or a spouse, paid Medicare taxes when they were working. 

Medicaid is a federal-state entitlement program for low-income Americans who meef cerfain criferia.i Even though Medicaid is administered by CMS as well, it has very little in common with the U.S. Medicare program. Medicaid primarily covers three groups of individuals fhe elderly, the disabled, and parents and their dependent children. ... 

The role of the national and state governments in the health care system is limited to those entitlement programs that have been legislated into federal or state law or where there is a federal and state partnership. Federal involvement in the provision of health care services began with the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS), an agency of the U.S. government. The PHS was established in 1798 to provide essential health care services to merchant marine personnel and members of the U.S. armed forces. Subsequent federal involvement in the provision of and the payment for health care has incrementally increased to include care for individuals with special entitlements. The latter include veterans of the armed forces, the elderly, indigent people. Native... 

Develop policies for recognition, rewards, incentives, and ceremonies. Again, reward employees for doing the right things and encourage participation in the upstream activities. Continually reevaluate these policies to make sure that they are effective and to make sure that they do not become entitlement programs [7]. 

For complete installation instructions see the section entitled Programs on the CD-ROM (page xv) or the README file on the CD-ROM. 

Additionally, the EPA pubhshes a newsletter entitled Pollution Prevention News that contains information including EPA news, technologies, program updates, and case studies. The EPA s Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratoiy and the Center for Environmental Research Information has pubhshed several guidance documents, developed in cooperation with the California Department of Health Services. The manuals supplement generic waste reduction information presented in the EPA s Waste Minimization Opportunity Assessment Manual (Ref. 9). 

The first document produced under the CCPS program was a brochure entitled "A Challenge to Commitment," which was mailed to the CEOs of more than 1500 companies. It provides an overview and an outline of a comprehensive model for the technical management of chemical process safety, characterized by twelve distinct and essential elements. 

In 1985, Uie Cimadian Chemical Producers Association (CCPA) released a pampWet entitled, "Essential Components of Safety Assessment Systems . Modifications to process or plant was one of the topics discussed in Uiis pamplilet. CCPA recommended a 12 element program (listed below) to formally e.xamine and approve process conditions whellier permanent or temporary prior to implementation. 

Crowe et al. have written a book entitled Chemical Plant Simulation 2 that gives the details of the steady-state simulation of a contact sulfuric acid plant. It uses an executive program named PACER. This and many other such programs as COPS, Flowsim, GPFS, and PDA are for sale.3... 

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