Project tender

New projects tendered Disease control strategies for organic vegetable crops... 

The economic factors must be considered in every application. It is important to find a technique that will meet both the technical and economical requirements. In short, pollution control costs depend on the system characteristics and the application. Some cost equations that generalize the economics of the managing systems are available in the literature. Most of these equations give rough estimates and have an accuracy of only about 30% to 50%. For a comprehensive cost comparison of different units, a detailed cost analysis based on the equipment tender proposals and the special characteristics of the project is necessary. 

Part A quality assurance requirements for surveillance projects provided by potential contractors at the time that tender documents are completed and when commissioning a survey. Here information is sought on ... 

The tender package documentation needs to provide all the elements necessary to define the project, and typically includes the project validation plan, a detailed scope of work, the URS, the documentation deliverables, and the associated commercial documentation. 

The main tender document submitted by a vendor will be the FDS, and this needs to include traceability to all specified user requirements. Vendors should also be requested to outline a project and quality plan to identify how they would carry out the project. 

Depending on the nature of the Invitation to Tender, the supplier s response may amount to little more than a covering letter with accompanying standard literature. This is often the case for COTS products that the supplier believes meets the user s requirements, or when a dedicated supplier proposal for a more bespoke or customized solution is to follow. Some suppliers may even draft an initial Functional Specification to demonstrate the suitability of the solution they have in mind. Functional Specifications are discussed in detail in Chapter 8. Other proposal documentation might include draft Project and Quality Plans. 

The D C contract in any project financed on a project finance basis is, invariably, based on a turnkey arrangement, This ensures that a single contractor assumes an undivided responsibility for completion date, final cost and performance of the facility. Liquidated damages are payable by the contractor for delay in completion or shortfall in performance. Such a contract is based on a carefully-written perfoimance specification issued by the project conpany against which the contractor submits a fixed price tender in competition with other contractors. The contract is generally arranged so that the turnkey contractor accepts all the major construction risks. 

Detailed estimates ( quotation, tender, firm estimate, contractor s estimate, Class 2 estimate ), accuracy +5-10%, which are used for project cost control and estimates for fixed price contracts. These are based on the... 

We have 98% confidence that the cost is less than x + 2.055 , = 205.2 + (2.05 X 43.9) = 295 MM. If we budget the project for this amount (or tender a contract), then we are accepting a 1 in 50 risk that the project will exceed the given budget. 

The following dimensional drawings would normally be reqnired at the tendering stage of a project, so that comparison can be made between the varions tendering mannfactnrers,... 

During 2001, INRA and ACTA invited tenders for specific projects in three main areas identified by practitioners. These are described with examples below. As expected, responses came from research units and technical institutes alike. A common feature of the projects is their cross-disciplinary nature and the use of a battery of methods (field and laboratory studies, modelling, and testing). 

See AUSAID—training Aboriginal people to participate in projects— six months notice to give people a chance to prepare themselves. Rather than lowering standards, we are providing training and development for Aboriginal contractors so that they will have the necessary skills to write tender applications. 

The metaphor of a construction project can be taken further. Just as a partially completed component of the project might need to be protected while building goes on around it, so a partially constructed molecule might have tender regions that, without protection, would be centres of reaction and result in unwanted products. Thus, chemists sometimes might attach a... 

The company holding the rights to the mine is Iran Zinc Mines Development Co. (IZMDC). After some prospective works, a project to build a plant to produce 100,000 t/y of zinc is being defined. An international competitive tender was completed in early 2000. Zincox Pic., with the technological support of UM and TR, presented a preliminary feasibility study and project development proposal for that capacity. IZMDC has not decided which company is going to carry out the feasibility study. 

Occasionally, lump sum contract is adopted for foundation construction which should be avoided whenever possible (Chan 1996). The usual reason is that the client wants to fix the limit of his financial commitment and pass the financial risk of variation to the contractor. However, such a step has wide implications which are often not appreciated by clients. This is because at the tender stage, it is usually very difficult, sometimes impossible, to quantify all the technical and financial risks in the foundation construction. For example, in a difficult ground the real cost of foundation construction can exceed the estimated cost by 50% or more. As a result the tender has an element of gambling involved. The problem will arise if the ground conditions turn out to be far more unfavorable than were expected and this may place unbearable pressure on the contractor. In a worst case, the contractor may be tempted to choose between finaneial ruin or sacrificing the safety of a foundation, thereby jeopardizing the entire project. In view of the above, lump sum contract represent unsound business practice for both the contractor and the client. 

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