Cost comparisons

These cost comparisons do not assign any credit to methanol for environmental improvements or energy security. Energy security benefits could be large if methanol were produced from domestic coal. 

MW plant and 3.3% for the 200 MW plant. Not surprisingly, the savings become less as the plant becomes smaller. The costs ia Figure 12b are based on the capital cost curve (Fig. 12a) and fuel costs based on the modified EGAS reference steam plant efficiency of 34.3%. The cost comparisons are based on a coal price of 1.00/GJ ( 1.05/MBtu). Higher fuel costs would iacrease the attractiveness of MHD because of its more efficient use of the fuel. 

K. K. Humphreys and D. R. Brown, Ufe Cycle Cost Comparison of Advanced Storage Batteries and Duel Cells for Utility Stand-Alone and Electric Uehicle Application, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, BatteUe Memorial Institute, 1990. 

Comparative costs for conveyor systems can be based only on studies of specific problems. For example, belt-conveyor idlers are available in a range of quahties that may make the best unit cost three times as much as the cheapest. Bearing quahty, steel thickness, and diameter of rolls all affect cost, as does design for easy maintenance and repair. Therefore, it is necessary to make cost comparisons on the basis of a specific study for each conveyor application. 

In addition to using annuahzed cost comparisons in evaluating an air-poUution-control (APC) equipment installation, the impact of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) and resulting regulations also must be included in the evaluation. The CAAA prescribes specific pollution-control requirements for particular industries and locations. As an example, the CAAA requires that any major stationary source or... 

Fuel costs vaiy widely from one area to another because of the cost of the fuel itself and the cost of transportation. Any meaningful cost comparison between fuels requires current costs based on such factors as the amounts used at a particular geographical location, utilization efficiencies or energy-ratio data for the equipment involved, and the effects of Torm v ue. Although the costs given in Table 27-9 do not apply to specific locations, they give fuel-cost trends. 

In order to carry out a cost comparison of cathodic protection with the prolongation of service life of pipelines that it provides, the construction costs and the material costs of the pipeline have to be known. If there are no particular difficulties (e.g., having to lay the pipe in heavily built-up areas, river crossings, or rocky soil), the construction costs for a high-pressure DN 600 pipeline are about 10 DM km". If it is simply assumed that a pipeline has a useful life of 25 years without cathodic protection whereas with cathodic protection it has a life of at least 50 years, the... 

Table 5. Operating Cost Comparisons for Different Systems.

The technology that competes with ion exchange in wastewater application is reverse osmosis (RO), therefor it is appropriate to make some comparisons. Direct cost comparisons are not straightforward, and requires comparison of some of the hidden cost parameters. Since there appear to be few detailed comparisons in the open literature, there exists the general impression that RO is more economical than ion exchange. Whereas this may be true in a number of applications, as a general rule this is not the case. 

Ion Exchange Resins - Very good site for you to visit Contains cost comparisons between RO and ion exchange systems for several design cases. http //www. rohmhaas. com/ionexchange. 

The economic factors must be considered in every application. It is important to find a technique that will meet both the technical and economical requirements. In short, pollution control costs depend on the system characteristics and the application. Some cost equations that generalize the economics of the managing systems are available in the literature. Most of these equations give rough estimates and have an accuracy of only about 30% to 50%. For a comprehensive cost comparison of different units, a detailed cost analysis based on the equipment tender proposals and the special characteristics of the project is necessary. 

Marks, j. R., and R. F. Weston. Technical and Cost Comparison of VOC Emission Reduction Techniques, 1989 AIChE Summer National Meeting, Philadelphia, August 22, 1989. 

One of the most common ways of expressing the effectiveness of strength or stiffness of a material is as a ratio of either of the quantities to the density, i.e., weight per unit volume. Such an index does not include the cost to achieve a certain strength or stiffness, but cost comparisons are probably not valid by themselves because many factors influence cost beyond raw material cost. 

D. D. Dial and M. S. Howeth, Advanced Composites Cost Comparison, 16th National SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition, Anaheim, California, 21-23 April 1971. 

Wolverine has presented evaluations of the cost comparisons for various types of exchangers and tube materials. 

Buk, Design and Cost Comparison of Heat Exchangers Using Wolverine Trufin, Wolverine Tube, Inc. (1959). 

This method is based on cost comparison between bit records and the current bit run. 

As the materials used in drilling processes are produced from depletable mineral resources, there is a continuous upward trend of cost with time. The field engineer must make a detailed cost comparison of materials available within the target cost of the project. The final choice may be a tradeoff between cost and performance. This is because the choice may narrow down to two or more materials with different initial costs and different expected service lives. Transportation costs of selected materials must also be included in the final cost. 

Fig. 9-2 A general plastic cost comparison, based on volume, for a general classification of materials.

Fig. 9-6 Cost comparison of panel production using TCM program that shows blow molding with the lowest product cost.

Mixer Production Cost Comparison for Composite Propellants ... 

Table 5 Tentative cost comparison of treatment of plastics waste (in /ton) ...

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