Mean water

Detergents are designed to be effective in hard water meaning water containing calcium salts that form insoluble calcium carboxylates with soaps These precipitates rob the soap of Its cleansing power and form an unpleasant scum The calcium salts of synthetic deter gents such as sodium lauryl sulfate however are soluble and retain their micelle forming ability even m hard water... 

For most cooling towers in the United Kingdom, the exit air is saturated at a temperature close to the mean water temperature in the tower. Hence, if the water temperatures and the air inlet conditions are known, AH, AT, and AT can all be calculated, and Tcan be deterrnined. It was found that the quantity C was approximately constant for these towers, ca 0.4—0.5 (34). If the value of C is known for a given tower, then the left side of equation 49 can be computed and, setting this equal to Z9, the allowable Hquid flow rate can be found. Alternatively, when and air-inlet conditions are given, the... 

If the water temperature is held constant and the water is still, Table 7.7 can be used to evaluate the temperature of the water surface (at room air temperature 20 °C and RH = 70%). When the water is stirred, the surface temperature can be assumed to be equal to the mean water temperature. 

For the film coefficient, tube side, use a mean water temperature of 85°F instead of 95°F. This will lean a little more to the winter operation and be safe for summer, h = 1,400... 

For hot water shell boilers the above still applies. The shells would be slightly smaller for equivalent duties due to the absence of steam space. There are three accepted operated bands for hot water boilers. Low-temperature hot water (LTHW) refers to boilers having a mean water temperature (between flow and return) of below 95°C medium-temperature hot water (MTHW) would cover the range 95 to 150°C high-temperature hot water (HTHW) covers applications above 150°C. 

Toluene is continuously nitrated to mononitrotoluene in a cast-iron vessel, 1 m diameter, fitted with a propeller agitator 0.3 m diameter rotating at 2.5 Hz. The temperature is maintained at 310 K by circulating 0.5 kg/s cooling water through a stainless steel coil 25 mm o.d. and 22 mm i.d. wound in the form of a helix, 0.80 m in diameter. The conditions are such that the reacting material may be considered to have the same physical properties as 75 per cent sulphuric acid. If the mean water temperatute is 290 K, what is the overall coefficient of heat transfer ... 

Atomic number Element Species Mean water concentration... 

Fig. 2 Time-series of annual mean water temperature in the San Reservoir (Spain) and air temperature in the Ter River watershed. The series start in 1964, after the first filling of the reservoir. Annual means are based on monthly measures of the volume weighted mean temperature. Only years with at least 10 temperature profiles were included in the figure. The air temperatures are annual means for the whole Ter River watershed, calculated from data collected in several meteorological stations in the basin, and weighted according to their area of influence...

Fig. 6 Comparison of results of the AF model solved with and without streamflow trend for wet and dry years, expressed as years above and below the mean water residence time in the reservoir (0.25 years)...

Mean water temperature Tube cross-sectional area... 

The hydrosphere (the Greek prefix hydro means water) is the great mass of water that surrounds the crust of the earth. Water is one of a few substances that, at the temperatures normal on the surface of the earth (which range between about -50 and 50°C), exists in three different states liquid, gas, and solid. Liquid water makes up the oceans, seas, and lakes, flows in rivers, and underground streams. Solid water (ice) occurs in the polar masses, in glaciers, and at high altitudes, and gaseous water (moisture) is part of the atmosphere (O Toole 1995). Liquid and solid water cover over 70% of the surface of the earth. 

Off-axis systems, on the flanks of spreading centres, driven by free convection due to cooling of the ocean crust, where the mean water temperature is around 420 K. 

The comparison of ET0P02, GR15, and T42 mean water depths show, that in the... 

There are literally hundreds of flame retardants commercially available for nonwoven polyester and rayon. These can be subdivided into durable and nondurable. In this paper, non-durable means water soluble in room temperature water. Durable means able to withstand at least five washes in hot water with detergent. Flame retardants with performance somewhere in between, often called semi-durable, were not utilized in this study. Table III is a compilation of the flame retardants included in the study. Compositions include ... 

Green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus liver Polluted waters (from manufacturer of arsenical defoliants and pesticides), Texas. Mean water concentration 13.5 mg As/L sediment content of 4700 mg/kg ... 

Freshwater biota medium concentrations 4-day mean water concentration not to exceed 190 pg total recoverable inorganic As+3/L more than once every 3 years 1 -h mean not to exceed 360 pg inorganic As+3/L more than once every 3 years. Insufficient data for criteria formulation for inorganic As+5, or for any organoarsenical (USEPA 1985)... 

The annual mean water percolation Qie,zb is determined by the long-term mean annual temperature (mainly determining the potential evapotranspiration, Epol) and precipitation (mainly influencing the actual evapotranspiration, act) according to... 

Hydrolysis means to split water, the word coming from the two Greek roots hydro meaning water, and lysis meaning to cleave or split. ... 

The words hydro-phobic and hydrophilic derive from Greek roots hydro comes from hudoor meaning water and phobic comes from the Greek phobos meaning fear or hate (hence the English word phobia ). The Greek philos means love or friendship. 

The first category is composed of the nine amino acids having nonpolar side chains, identified as those with side chains that are largely hydrocarbon in nature. The single exception is methionine, which contains a sulfur atom in its side chain. This is not a problem, since sulfur atoms are quite hydrophobic. Basically, hydrocarbons do not like water hydrophobic means water-hating. Think about fats, oils, waxes. 

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