Producer price

There are few reports of barley used for the production of recombinant proteins but some of those reports show high expression levels which, due to the low producer price of barley, could make this a viable production crop. In early reports, recombinant glucanase and xylanase were expressed at very low levels (0.004%) [79,80] but as stated above, a recombinant diagnostic antibody (SimpliRED, for the detection of HIV) has been expressed at levels exceeding 150 pg g-1 [15], and a recombinant cel-lulase enzyme was expressed at levels exceeding 1.5% total seed protein [16]. 

Wheat, barley Protein stability during storage, low producer price Food crops, lower yields, more difficult to transform and manipulate... 

Legumes Soybean High seed protein content, seed coat expression, low producer price Lower expression levels... 

To put things in perspective, let us consider the cost breakdown of a typical hair care product. The surfactant, polymer and other raw materials constitute around 10% of the producer price. Other costs include processing at around 5-10%, packaging at around 10-15%, administration and R D at around 5-10%, and... 

Table 2.2 HFS and sugar prices and producer price index for total finished goods, 1981 -2000a ...

Year HFS-42 wholesale HFS-SS wholesale US raw sugar World World refined US producer price... 

Scale up the individual O M costs using indexes. Each of the O M costs is escalated via the same formula, but by using a different index. The index to use for each cost is a Producer Price Index (PPI), compiled and published by the U.S. Department of Labor s Bureau of Labor Statistics [Ref. 5], The PPI index numbers, names, and average 1998 and 2001 values used are as follows ... 

Escalate this cost to 2001 dollars via the Producer Price Index for plastic pipe (pcu3084 l). The annual index values for 1993 and 2001 are 98.2 and 101.0, respectively. Then... 

To escalate this cost to 2001 dollars, use the Producer Price Index for centrifugal fans and blowers (pcu3564 3). Index values for 1988 and 2001 are 106.8 and 151.1, respectively. 

Here the key is perhaps the difference between subsistence production and production for the market. I am grateful to Bruce McKim for emphasizing that the macroeconomic incentives for market production were minimal. Producer prices, which were set by the state marketing boards, were all but confiscatory, and in any case the shops contained few goods on which the proceeds could have been spent. 

Figure 2.11 Typical producer price premiums for selected organic products (Hamm et al. 2002)...

Table 4.4a The Use of Commodities by Industry (miiiions of dollars at producers prices)...

Fig. 20.1 Development of PGM prices 1930-2002 in US per troy oz (1 troy oz = 31.10 g) (Kendall 2002a,b Hilliard, 1999) (1930-1966 Producer price at New York of 99% pure Ir, 99.5% pure Os, 99.9% pure Pt, Pd and Rh 1967-1998 estimated market price for minimum 99% pure Ir, 99.5% Pure Os. For more details, see Hilliard (1999).

Kremen, A., Greene, C., and Hanson, J., 2004, Organic Produce, Price Premiums, and Eco-Labeling in U.S. Farmers Markets, Outlook Report No. (VGS-301-01), USDA, Economic Research Service, 12 pp, April. 

While the CPI is very popular, it is not the only price index available to those in need of estimating inflation for a specific service or commodity. The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes a number of price indexes that may or may not influence the CPI (Standard Poor s Statistical Service 1999). To provide some semblance of the range of available data, the Bureau of Labor Statistics provides producer price indexes for selected lumber, including hardwoods, southern pine, oak, softwoods, and Douglas fir. Breakdowns to such fine detail are available for a variety of commodities. Indexes are also available for industry trade groups to provide information for specific estimates, such as construction costs and machinery. 

Producer Price Indexes Wholesale Price Index... 

Alternatively, results of economic allocation using constant 2005 prices are presented. As for many other agricultural products, producer prices for sericulture products exhibit high volatility. Relative prices of final products have however been consistent over time. Where available market price data has been used. Cocoons and silk products are traded on regulated exchanges and price data is available. Direct data for firewood from mulberry is not directly available, the value of close substitutes such as locally collected firewood has been employed where necessary. 

Index deflated by U.S. Producer Price Index for Intermediate Goods. Shared areas represent U.S. recession periods. 

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