Economic Research Service

N. W. Childs, "The Changing Role of the United States in the World Rice Market," in U.S. Department of Agriculture, Rice Situation and Outlook Yearbook, Economic Research Service, RS-55, Washington, D.C., 1989. 

M. S. Ash., Animal Feeds Compendium, Agricultural Fconomic Report No. 656, U.S. Dept, of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Washington, D.C., 1992. 

USDA Economic Research Service, Fruit and Tree Nuts Situation and Outlook Report, USDA Economic Research Service, 1993. 

Sugar and Sweetener Situation and Outlook Keport, SSSV20N2, Commercial Agriculture Division, Economic Research Service, USD A, Washington, D.C.,June 1995. 

Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Washington, D.C., 1991. 

USDA Economic Research Service (2007). Changes in the size and location of U.S. dairy farms, http //www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err47/err47b.pdf. (accessed 22.10.2010). 

Crothers, L. (2000) Australia, Organic market continues to expand. GAIN Report, USDA on http //www.ers.usda.gov Dimitri, C. Greene, C. (2002) Recent growth patterns in the U.S. Organic Foods Market. Economic Research Service, USDA. 

Proportion of hectares treated with herbicides and herbicide applied were constructed from information given in "Inputs Outlook and Situation", 1983, Herman Delvo and Michael Hawthorn, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Washington, DC. 

Buzby JC, Roberts T, Jordan Lin C-T, MacDonald JM Bacterial foodborne disease Medical costs and productivity losses. Agricultural Economic Report. Economic Research Service, USD A, 1996. 

USDA Economic Research Service. 2002. Food consumption per capita, www.ers.usda.gov/data/ foodconsumption/... 

Fergusion W, Padula A (1994) Economic effects of banning methyl bromide for soil fumigation. USDA Economic Research Service Agricultural Economic Report 677, USDA, Beltville, MD... 

Economic Research Service (2007) US per capita food availability - sugar and sweeteners, WWW.ERS.USDA.gov (accessed 15 February 2008). 

Balter. M. Transgenic Com Sparks a Furor, Science, 275(5303). 1063 (1997). Barry, R.D.. et al. Sugar, Background for 1990 Farm Legislation, AGES 9006, USDA Economic Research Service, Feb. 1990, pp 19-35. 

Economic Research Service, U S. Department of Agriculture, Sugar, Background for 1985 Farm Legislation, Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 478, 21-24 (Sept, 1984). 

Ribaudo, M. and R. Johansson (2006). Water Quality Impacts of Agriculture In K. Wiebe and N. Gollehon, eds., Agricultural Resources and Environmental Indicators. Economic Research Service. USDA. Economic Information Bulletin 16 33 -1. http //www.ers.usda. gov/publications/arei/eib 16/eib 16 2-2.pdf... 

Riboudo, M.O. (1989). Water Quality Benefits from the Conservation Reserve Program. Agricultural Economic Report 606. Washington, DC USDA Economic Research Service. February. 

USDA Economic Research Service (2004). Economics of Sequestering Carbon in the U.S. Agricultural Sector. TB-1909, April. 

Padgett, M., D. Newton, R. Penn, and C. Sandretto (2000). Pest management practices in crop production in Production Practices for Major Crops in US Agriculture, 1990-1997. Resource Economics Division, Economic Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Statistical Bulletin No. 969. September 2000. 

Bolling, C. and N.R. Suarez (2001). The Brazilian Sugar Industry in Sugar and Sweetener Situation and Outlook. Economic Research Service. US Department of Agriculture, September. 

Stucker, B.C. and K.J. Collins (1986). The Food Security Act of 1985 Major Provisions Affecting Commodities. Washington, DC Economic Research Service, USDA, Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 497. 

Kellogg, R.L. Lander, CH. Moffit, D.C Gollehon, N. Manure nutrients relative to the capacity of cropland and pastureland to assimilate nutrients Spatial and temporal trends for the United States. US Department of Agriculture, National Resource Conservation Center, Economic Research Service, Publication number NPS-00-0579. 

The same 25-yr period, 1941-1966 was examined in a PhD thesis at the University of Georgia by Harold B. Jones, Jr., of the USDA s Economic Research Service. He found thatby 1966,9% of the projects undertaken by the regional laboratories had produced an economic return. That figure compared favorably with returns on food industry research. The cost-benefit ratio was 20 to 1 or better (cited in Always Something New A Cavalcade of Scientific Discovery, USD A, Agricultural Research Service, Miscellaneous Publication 1507. November 1993). 

In the United States, adoption of certain Bt crop plants by U.S. farmers has resulted in the application of fewer pounds of chemical insecticide, and thereby has provided environmental benefits, but the size of the reduction is dependent on the particular crop. Overall, the USDA Economic Research Service found that insecticide use was 8% lower per planted acre for adopters of Bt corn than for nonadopters (Fernandez-Cornejo and Caswell 2006). 

In China, the results are dramatic an 80% reduction in pesticide use on small farms planted with GE insect-resistant cotton (Huang et al. 2005 see box 5.3). Similarly, the USDA Economic Research Service reports that pesticide use on corn, soybeans, and cotton declined by about 2.5 million pounds in the United States since the introduction of GE crops in 1996 (Fernandez-Cornejo and Caswell 2006). These results support the notion that GE may radically reduce the negative impacts of farming practices on the environment and spare more land for wildlife (figure 8.1). 

Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge, and Margriet Caswell, 2006. The First Decade of Genetically Engineered Crops in the United States. USDA Economic Research Service. Economic Information Bulletin, Number II. 

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