Breakdown of costs

The method uses a breakdown of costs for a typical chemical plant installed in the United States, as shown in Fig. 9-44. Costs of equipment, appurtenances, construction, and engineering with material and labor separate are given as a percentage of total installed United States costs. The four components of cost are defined as follows ... 

Overlaying the bars that give the breakdown of cost to the operation (manufacturing, maintenance, retail) is the total energy cost. For central gaseous it includes an important contribution from delivery (diesel fuel) and retail (electricity for on-site compression). For a more extensive discussion, see the text. 

Total costs for that site would be 9.3 million, whereby 85% of the costs associated with the process derive from disposal of the solid waste streams, and labor represents 12% of the total costs (D10427Y, p. 29). A detailed breakdown of costs is available on page 25 of document D10427Y. 

In general, the estimated cost for the Surbec-ART Environmental, L.L.C., soil washing technology ranges between 136 and 226 per ton. Table 1, adapted from data provided by the vendor, shows a breakdown of costs and the factors that influence costs (D12463A, p. 16). 

A cost analysis was also done for the hypothetical treatment of 22,000 tons of contaminated soil using the existing THC treatment plant. The total estimated unit cost for this operation is 147 (1993 U.S. dollars) per ton. The breakdown of costs by technology is as follows ... 

TABLE 1 Breakdown of Costs from the 1995 Demonstration at the Savannah River Site... 

The actual cost and progress tracking, especially on larger projects, require further breakdown of cost items, such as ... 

As discussed in Section 10.4, the breakdown of cost items (take-offs) can go down to the level of nuts and bolts (detailed) or be based on larger, more comprehensive units (semi-detailed). Both approaches are valid provided that the scope of the unit prices corresponds to the units and that adequate resolution allowances are included to compensate for omissions and oversights. The estimate review must address the breakdown philosophy to ascertain that the unit prices and resolution allowance are consistent with the details of the take-offs. 

Figure 11.25. Breakdown of cost of electricity of an IGCC plant. See color insert.

Worse yet is that this problem was created, in part, by the engineering professionals themselves. Unique to engineering, industrial suppliers have provided their clients with far more enhanced visibility into their actual costs of doing business than is the case in many other services. Many clients not only require to see the actual costs of items that are procured, but, in addition, look for detailed breakdowns of burdens and benefits, overheads and other items that make up the contractor s costs to provide services. Other professional disciplines, such as lawyers, have resisted this breakdown of costs and competition on margins. 

A simplified cost model can be deducted based on the breakdown of costs shown in Table 15.11. The total operating cost TOC can be expressed as the sum of manufacturing costs (MC) and general expenses (SAKE) ... 

A breakdown of costs of two plants, each designed for indoor and outdoor construction, is shown in Table 8-7 to illustrate the distribution of costs in the two particular cases. 

Breakdown of Costs of Different Processes for Large-Scale Production of Ajmalicine by Cell Cultures of Catharanthus roseus... 

A more detailed development of Lang factors, based on an analysis of 156 capital-cost estimates, was published by the editors of Chemical Engineering magazine in the September 30, 1963 issue on pages 120 and 122, as Cost File 81. A further refinement, carried out by Peters and Timmerhaus (1968), resulted in the most widely accepted values of the Lang factor, which are included in Table 16.16 and are the factors recommended here for use in Eqs. (16.9) and (16.10). The detailed breakdown of costs by Peters and Timmerhaus is given in Table 16.17, which assumes that major plant additions are made to an existing site, but that additional land is purchased. The numbers in the table are based on a value of 100 for the total delivered cost of the process equipment. Here, the delivered cost is estimated as 1.05 times the... 

Figure 5.5 Breakdown of costs with no added profit for producing PAN based carbon fiber. Source Reprinted with permission from Leon y Leon CA, O Brien FtA, Dasarathy H, McHugh JJ, Schimpf WC, Midwest Advanced Materials and Processes Conference, Dearborn, Sep 12-14, 2000. Copyright, The Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering (SAMPE).

Fig. 15.21 Breakdown of cost by subsystem and component for automotive PEMFC stacks [53]...

When examining the breakdown of costs for the extraction of a natural product it is convenient to refer to a formula given by Calame and Steiner [13]. 

Table 14.6 Breakdown of Costs and Process Information for P/Rmin 1 27...

A breakdown of costs into material costs (individual part and total amount of common parts), the time required for the component design and the resulting total design costs, as well as the time required for the manufacture and the resulting costs is recommended for each costing item. 

Table 10-3 presents a breakdown of costs for some typical reactors having low fuel costs. The changes which occur when thorium-oxide slurry is... 

The breakdown of costs for the ultrafiltration option is presented in Figure 7.10. Figure 7.10a shows that UF pretreatment only represents about 10% of the total life-cycle costs and that energy accounts for one third of the costs. Figure 7.3b shows a breakdown of the total energy cost (3.46 kWh/m ), with UF accounting for only 5% of the total. 

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