Processing oils naphthenic

Naphthenic acid corrosion has been a problem ia petroleum-refining operations siace the early 1900s. Naphthenic acid corrosion data have been reported for various materials of constmction (16), and correlations have been found relating corrosion rates to temperature and total acid number (17). Refineries processing highly naphthenic cmdes must use steel alloys 316 stainless steel [11107-04-3] is the material of choice. Conversely, naphthenic acid derivatives find use as corrosion inhibitors ia oil-weU and petroleum refinery appHcations. 

Process Oils, Plasticizers. Petroleum-based mbber process oils generally contain a mixture of paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic components. These oils vary in composition from grade to grade, but most contain some unsaturated moieties and this unsaturation can compete with the polymer for curatives. Therefore, state of cure can be decreased. This is not easily detected because oil softens the compound which masks the loss of state of cure. 

In order to support and meet this demand, an all-around development has taken place on the material front too, be it an elastomer new-generation nanofiller, surface-modified or plasma-treated filler reinforcing materials like aramid, polyethylene naphthenate (PEN), and carbonfiber nitrosoamine-free vulcanization and vulcanizing agents antioxidants and antiozonents series of post-vulcanization stabUizers environment-friendly process oil, etc. 

A considerable amount of work has already been successfully carried out in HASETRI with naturally occurring oils as eco-friendly process oils in conventional tire recipes [31,32]. These naturally occurring oils were found to be suitable on the basis of low PCA content. Some of the naturally occurring oils showed better processing properties, polymer-filler interaction, and dispersion properties in NR-based truck tire tread cap compound and hence better mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. As the presently available low PCA oil in the market in the form of MES TDAE and naphthenic oil are comparatively costly, these natural oils can act as the best alternative processing aids for the elastomer industry, especially in developing and underdeveloped countries. 

Some crude oils contain certain organic compounds that are corrosive. In particular, these include naphthenic acids. Such crude oils cause problems in transportation, refining, and processing. The naphthenic acid content can be reduced simply with alcohol treatments, such as methanol, to form the corresponding ester. Hence, treatment temperatures will preferably be around 350° C. Pressures from about 100 to 300 kPa are typical and generally result from the system itself [1556]. 

Facilitate pre-vulcanisation processing, increase softness, extensibility and flexibility of the vulcanised end-product. The rubber processing industry consumes large quantities of materials which have a plasticising function complex mixtures (paraffinic, naphthenic, aromatic) of mineral hydrocarbon additives, used with the large tonnage natural and synthetic hydrocarbon rubbers, are termed process oils. Because of the complexity of these products, precise chemical definition is usually not attempted. If the inclusion of an oil results in cost reduction it is functioning as an extender. The term plasticiser is commonly reserved for synthetic liquids used with the polar synthetic rubber. 

Another example would be the use of naphthenic oils in the formulation of compressor lubricants, textile processing oils, and other industrial lubricants. In these formulations, solubilizing and dispersing compounds within an oil is quite important. 

EXXON CO., U.S.A. TELURA Industrial Process Oils Applications Textile Conditioning Oil Naphthenic ... 

Table 6.9 shows application of the IFP27 process to naphthenic and paraffinic oils, where the main changes are color improvement and a reduction in sulfur content, but accompanying these is some reduction in viscosity (due to either some slight hydrocracking or the benefit of saturating some polyaromatics of very low VI). The Conradson carbon reduction also points to fewer polyaromatics in the product. 

Calsol. [Calumet] Naphthenic process oil for rubber indus, resin extending, PVC, textiles, caulldng compds. 

Cyclolube . [Witco/Golden Bear] Naphthenic oils process oils for general-purpose compounding of elastomers. 

The synthetic rubber industry uses a number of hydrocarbon additives, specifically called process oils (to act as a plasticiser, used below 20 phr) or extenders (used to keep the costs down). There are a wide range of mineral oils used as process oils, produced by blending of crude oil distillates and these may be either paraffinic, naphthenic or aromatic. Process oils containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are classified as potential carcinogens (and their use is decreasing considerably). 

Processing oils in a rubber formulation serve primarily as a processing aid. Oils fall into one of three primary categories paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic. The proper selection of oils for inclusion in a formulation is important. If the oil is incompatible with the polymer, it will migrate out of the compound with consequent loss in required physical properties, loss in rubber component surface properties, and deterioration in component-to-component adhesion, as in a tire. The compatibility of an oil with a polymer system is a function of... 

The answer to the question as to which products may gained from cmde oils and from refinery residues in which quantities, and by which processes, is an important criterion for the manufacturer. This question may be answered relatively easy for cmde oils using international standardized test methods. Determination of the specific weight of two distilled key fractions allows the nature of the cmde oil to be classified as e.g. paraffin based oil, naphthene-based oil, or mixed base oil [4-4]. Test distillations at atmospheric pressure [4-5 to 4-7] and at reduced pressure (vacuum) [4-6, 4-8, 4-9] can provide the yields of liquid products at an existing refinery lay out. 

Polybutene and polyisobutylene - are the most frequently used plasticizers. Paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic process oils are also used. Esters of fatly acids and phosphates are also used but are less common. ... 

Refers to an empirical analysis of rubber process oil composition that expresses the percentages of carbon atoms in aromatic, naphthenic, and paraffinic components, respectively. See Rubber Oil, Aromatic, Naphthene, Paraffin. 

Oil that serves as a temporary or permanent component of a manufactured product. Aromatic process oils have good solvency characteristics their applications include proprietary chemical formulations, ink oils, and extenders in synthetic rubbers. Naphthenic process oils are characterized by low pour points and good solvency properties their applications include rubber compounding, printing inks, textile conditioning, leather tanning. 

Ratio of the velocity of light at a specified wave length in air to its velocity in a substance under examination. The refractive index can be determined by test method ASTM D642, using a refractometer and a monochromatic light source. Refractive index is an excellent test for uniform composition of solvents, rubber process oils, and other petroleum products. It may also be used in combination with other simple tests to estimate the distribution of naphthenic, paraffinic, and... 

Oil extenders include naphthenic, aromatic, and parafinic oils. Their function is to soften the rubber for processing. Other processing oils include castor and tall oils as well as low molecular weight resins. 

Processing oils are often necessary to ensure good flow and proper filling of moulds. Unfortunately, the use of these oils can seriously hamper adhesion due to their ability to migrate to the adhesive/rubber interface during vulcanisation and interfere with crossbridging reactions. Lower levels of processing oils are always preferred for best adhesion. Naphthenic oils have the least deleterious effect on adhesion, while aromatic and ester based oils should be avoided if at all possible. 

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