Mineralization hydrocarbon

Facilitate pre-vulcanisation processing, increase softness, extensibility and flexibility of the vulcanised end-product. The rubber processing industry consumes large quantities of materials which have a plasticising function complex mixtures (paraffinic, naphthenic, aromatic) of mineral hydrocarbon additives, used with the large tonnage natural and synthetic hydrocarbon rubbers, are termed process oils. Because of the complexity of these products, precise chemical definition is usually not attempted. If the inclusion of an oil results in cost reduction it is functioning as an extender. The term plasticiser is commonly reserved for synthetic liquids used with the polar synthetic rubber. 

Identification of the causative agents responsible for mineral hydrocarbon toxicity. 

Standard Method 5520E Sludge Suitable for biological lipids and mineral hydrocarbons. Not suitable for low-boiUng fractions. Method E is a modification of Method D. 

Mineral hydrocarbons petroleum hydrocarbons, considered mineral because they come from the earth rather than from plants or animals. 

Baldwin MK, Berry PH, Esdaile DJ, et al Feeding studies in rats with mineral hydrocarbon food grade white oils. Toxicol Pathol 20(3) 426-35, 1992... 

Unless otherwise specified, bearings and bearing housings shall be designed for oil lubrication using a mineral (hydrocarbon) oil. 

NOTE The typical lubricants employed in a common oil system are mineral (hydrocarbon) oils that correspond to ISO Grades 32 through 68, as specified in ISO 3448. 

Castle. L., Kelly. M Gilbert. J., 1993, Migration of mineral hydrocarbons into foods. II. Polystyrene, ABS, and waxed paperboard containers for dairy products. Food Add. Contam. 10 (2) 167-174. 

Hot-melt adhesives are usually used for box-sealing applications for coated paperboard products. Migration of mineral hydrocarbons from these adhesives into foods was investigated in a survey. No mineral hydrocarbons were detected but several other substances were present in the adhesives. These were proposed to be natural resins such as polyterpene resins, tall oil rosin esters, and sterol-like natural products.Examples of each of these natural products are described in ref. 13 as being used for hot-melt adhesives. 

Food Standards Agency, 2003, Food Survey Information Sheet Number 34/03, January 2003, Mineral Hydrocarbons in Food Contact Materials. 

Anonymous. Mineral hydrocarbons to be banned from foods. Pharm 1989 242 187. 

Heimbach JT, Bodor AR, Douglass JS, et al. Dietary exposure to mineral hydrocarbons from food-use applications in the United States. Food Chem Toxicol 2002 40 555-571. 

Standard Method 5520D TOG Water and wastewater Suitable for biological lipids and mineral hydrocarbons. Method D is the method of choice when relatively polar, heavy petroleum fractions are present, or when the levels of nonvolatile greases may challenge the solubility of the solvent APHA 1992 0 m H 33 O r m c... 

This chapter has shown hydrogen can be used as the general-purpose fuel for the transportation needs of humankind without the use of irreplaceable mineral hydrocarbon resources. The hydrogen-fueled engines will dramatically reduce the impact of humankind s transportation activities on the environment. 

Content of mineral hydrocarbons with Carbrni numtxa less than 25,... 

Mineral hydrocarbon waxes are a heterogeneous group of substances consisting of mixtures of different-sized hydrocarbon molecules, which may include saturated and/or unsaturated hydrocarbons these may be linear, branched or cyclic. The relative proportions of these different hydrocarbon molecules varies widely and is best defined on the basis of their physical characteristics, such as viscosity and density, rather than on the basis of their precise chemical identity. 

EMEA Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products Mineral Hydrocarbons (Doc No 201-13319). www.emea.eu.int/pdfs/vet/mrls/006995en.pdf... 

We have been able to define the difference in behavior of the mineral-hydrocarbon-water system according to whether the mineral is initially wetted by water or by hydrocarbon, by utilizing J. Guastalla s wetting balance which permits one to measure successively the immersion, and emersion, adhesion tensions. 

Important raw materials for the chemical industry include air, water, minerals, hydrocarbons, and metallic ores. 

As waxes are a relatively expensive raw material, in the production of cosmetics and candles they have been replaced by mineral hydrocarbon fractions (paraffin), solid triglycerides (tristearin, also known as stearin) or by various synthetic materials (polyethylene and polypropylene). Mineral waxes are used almost exclusively for non-food purposes. The so-called montanic acid esters and oxidised polyethylene wax can also be used to modify the surfaces of fresh citrus fruits. Montanic acid esters are used pharmaceutically to improve the retardation of drug release from tablets. 

Key words Adsorption — clay minerals — hydrocarbons — particle charge — sesquioxides... 

Chem. Descrip. Polyglycol and fatly add surfactants in mineral hydrocarbon Ionic Nature Anionic... 

Both exponents m and n express the geometry of the only conductor (brine) in the porous rock and refer to the geometry of the two insulators (mineral grains and hydrocarbon). When m = n, the two insulators (mineral, hydrocarbon) are interchangeable in terms of rock resistivity. 

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