Naphthenes, naphthenics

Naphthazarin dyes Naphthenate Naphthenate esters Naphthenates, metallic Naphthenes Naphthenic acid Naphthenic acids... 

A significant advance in metal soap technology occurred in the 1920s with the preparation of the metal naphthenates. Naphthenic acids (qv) are not of precise composition, but rather are mixtures of acids isolated from petroleum. Because the mixture varies, so does acid number, or the combining equivalent of the acid, so that the metal content of the drier would not always be the same from lot to lot. The preparation of solvent solutions of these metal naphthenates gave materials that were easy to handle and allowed the metal content to be standardized. Naphthenates soon became the standard for the industry. 

The cycloalkanes also are known as naphthenes, cycloparaffins, or alicyclic hydrocarbons. In the petroleum industry, this class of hydrocarbons is known as naphthenes. Naphthenes have saturated rings. The general formula for the ring without substituents is CnH2n. This is the same as the general formula for the alkene series however, the structural configurations differ completely and, thus, the physical and chemical properties are not at all similar. 

Terms such as paraffinic, naphthenic, naphthenic-aromatic, and aromatic-asphaltic are used in the several classification methods which have been proposed. These terms obviously relate to the molecular structure of the chemical species most prominent in the crude oil mixture. However, such classification is made difficult because the large molecules usually consist of condensed aromatic and naphthenic rings with paraffinic side chains. The characteristic properties of the molecules depend on the proportions of these structures. 

The commercial production of naphthenic acid from petroleum is based on the formation of sodium naphthenate. Naphthenic acids are recovered by caustic extraction uf petroleum distillates rather than from crude petroleum. Crude naphthenic acid is obtained by acidulating the sodium naphthenate, and can be further refined to remove impurities. 

Alkanes —> alkenes alkenes —> oligomers oligomers —> naphthenes naphthenes —> aromatics aromatics —> coke... 

Triems [12,13] classified oils by fractionating the top residue of the oil, freed from compounds boiling at more than 200°C, on silica gel with 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, benzene and acetone as eluants. Three classes of oil were differentiated, viz. paraffinic-naphthenic, naphthenic-aromatic and aromatic-naphthenic. Each class is subdivided into three groups according to their sulphur content. 

Naptha is often confused with naphthene. Naphthenes are cyclic hydrocarbons naptha is defined as hydrocarbons with boiling points from 120 to 400°F (50 to 200°C). 

Synonyms Cobalt naphthenate Cobalt naphthenate, powder Cobaltous naphthenate Naphthenic acid cobalt salt Definition Obtained by treating cobaltous hydroxide with naphthenic acid... 

Synonyms Carboxylic acids, naphthenic Naphthenic acids Definition Any of a group of sat. higher fatty acids derived from gas-oil fraction of petroleum by extraction with caustic acid sol n. and subsequent acidification... 

Naphthenic acid, calcium salt. See Calcium naphthenate Naphthenic acid cobalt salt. See Cobalt naphthenate (ous)... 

Naphthenic acid copper salt. See Copper naphthenate Naphthenic acid lead salt. See Lead naphthenate Naphthenic acids. See Naphthenic acid Naphthenic acids, cadmium salts. See Cadmium naphthenate Naphthenic acids, calcium salts. See Calcium naphthenate Naphthenic acid zinc salt. See Zinc naphthenate... 

Naphthenic acid, sodium salt Naphthenic acids, sodium salt. See Sodium naphthenate Naphthenic acid zinc salt. See Zinc naphthenate... 

Mineral oil, petroleum distillates, hydrotreated Mineral oil, petroleum distillates, hydrotreated (mild) light naphthenic Naphthenic distillates Petroleum distillates, hydrogen-treated, light naphthene-... 

Relatively naphthenic Naphthenic A Relatively aromatic Aromatic Highly aromatic... 

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