Process safety analysis decision making

A clinical scenario can be examined from a number of different perspectives, each of which may illuminate facets of the case. Cases have, from time immemorial, been used to educate and reflect on the nature of disease. They can also be used to illustrate the process of clinical decision making, the weighing of treatment options and sometimes, particularly when errors are discussed, the personal impact of incidents and mishaps. Incident analysis, for the purposes of improving the safety of healthcare, may encompass all of these perspectives but critically also includes reflection on the broader healthcare system. 

Quantitative risk analysis (QRA) is a powerful analysis approach used to help manage risk and improve safety in many industries. When properly performed with appropriate respect for its theoretical and practical limitations, QRA provides a rational basis for evaluating process safety and comparing improvement alternatives. However, QRA is not a panacea that can solve all problems, make decisions for a manager, or substitute for existing safety assurance and loss prevention activities. Even when QRA is preferred, qualitative results, which always form the foundation for QRA, should be used to verify and support any conclusions drawn from QRA. 

It is most important that the whole life cycle of a process plant can be evaluated on safety. Safety and risk analyses evaluate the probability of a risk to appear, and the decisions of necessary preventative actions are made after results of an analysis. The aim of the risk estimation is to support the decision making on plant localization, alternative processes and plant layout. Suokas and Kakko (1993) have introduced steps of a safety and risk analysis in Figure 2. The safety and risk analysis can be done on several levels. The level on which the analysis is stopped depends on the complexity of the object for analysis and the risk potential. 

Traditional accident models were devised to explain losses caused by failures of physical devices (chain or tree of failure events) in relatively simple systems. They are less useful for explaining accidents in software-intensive systems and for non-technical aspects of safety such as organizational culture and human decision-making. Creation of an infrastructure based on which safety analysis can function efficiently and effectively is needed. A so called safety culture for a development company and processes associated with routine tasks there, in general, is now identified as an area of root cause of accidents and that there is the greatest... 

ABSTRACT At present, researches on the relationship between coal mine safety input and safety performance focus on the static description. Results of the assessment on these studies lack in follow-up and dynamic management. In this paper, based on the analysis of factors that have impacts on coal mine safety performance in the process of coal production, one model about the relationship between coal mine safety input and safety performance is established using a system dynamics approach. In the process of computer simulation, coal mine safety performance is dynamically forecast by changing the initial safety level value and safety input increase rate of factors which affect system safety performance. The results show that the safety level of coal mine enterprises in the early period influences the coal mine expectant safety performance. The safety level of human factors and management factors in the coal mine enterprises is a positive correlation of coal mine safety performance. These provide a theoretical basis for management decision-making. 

Controllers must also have the resources and information necessary to enforce the safety constraints they have been assigned. Physicians need information about drug safety and efficacy that is independent from the pharmaceutical company representatives in order to adequately protect their patients. One of the first steps in performing an analysis of the drug safety control structure is to identify the contextual factors that can influence whether each component s responsibilities are carried out and the information required to create an accurate process model to support informed decision making in exercising the controls they have available to carry out their responsibilities. 

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