Poultice

Conserva.tlon, The objectives ia the treatment of stone objects are primarily cleaning, stabilization, consoHdation, repair, and restoration (132—135). Cleaning can vary from a light dusting to the removal of stubborn grime and stains with solvents and detergents. The latter can be appHed usiag a poultice method to iacrease the efficiency with which the extraneous material is removed from below the surface of the stone. 

Stabilization iavolves the removal of the cause of deterioration which is frequentiy soluble salts present ia the stone. If the stmctural strength of the stone permits it, this can be done through soakiag. The object is placed underwater ia a tank, and the water is changed regularly. Another method is by apphcation of poultices on the surface. 

Aufschlag, m. impact percussion increase, extra (in price or tax) cuff, facing warp bound (of a ball) (Med.) application. Aufschlagebuch, n. reference book, aufschlagen, v.t. strike up or open open, unfold unbung (casks) handle (hides) set up, erect raise apply (as a poultice). — v.r. spring up strike rise (in price). — v.i. strike, impinge. 

The atmospheric corrosion data in Table 4.34 (and also Table 13.8) is related to historic environments. Current use in the industrial areas listed with acidic pollution would show much lower corrosion rates as the corrosion of zinc in the atmosphere is essentially related to the SOj content (and the time of wetness) and in many countries the sulphurous pollution has been greatly reduced in the past 20 years. Zinc also benefits from rainwater washing to remove corrosive poultices thus, although initial corrosion rates are usually not very different on upper and lower surfaces, the latter tend —with time—to become encrusted with corrosion products and deposits and these are not always protective. 

Sulphates and chlorides are present in industrial and marine atmospheres. In water they accelerate the corrosion of steel. Avoiding lodgement areas for water and dirt reduces the risk of the latter acting as a poultice in which the corrosive salts can build up. 

The Iroquois used a decoction of elder pith as an internal remedy for gonorrhea and also to treat heart disease. They used a poultice of the berries to reduce fever and swellings caused by the mumps. The twigs were administered to children when a laxative was needed. The Iroquois also applied the powdered root and bark to heal a newborn s navel. Berries were fed to those convalescing to improve their strength. 

Creek women applied an elder root poultice to... 

American pioneers used the root and bark as a tea for edema and the leaves as a headache poultice. 

Mention is made of the Code of Hammurabi only to place in human history that period when reference to eye medicines or poultices was beginning to appear. The Sumerians, in southern Mesopotamia, are considered to be the first to record their history, beginning about 3100 B.C. The Egyptians used copper compounds, such as malachite and chrysocalla, as green... 

Many topical preparations containing arnica are commercially available. Arnica is most commonly prepared as a tincture that can also be used as the base for creams, ointments, compresses, and poultices. Arnica oil may also be used in topical preparations. 

There are a few members of the passionflower family (Passifloraceae) that have psychotropic effects. The one most studied is Pass flora incarnata, although some work has been done on Pass flora coerulea and Passiflora edulis. P. incarnata is a colorful, flowering plant with five white or lavender petals, a purple or pink corona, and five brightly colored stamen (Gruenwald et al. 1998). The parts of the plants used for medicinal effect are the whole plant or aerial parts. It is native to the mid- to southeastern United States. Passionflower has a history with Native Americans as a poultice to treat bruises, and as a tea for sedative/anxiolytic effects (Kowalchick and Hylton 1987). It is one of the most common herbs commercially available in Britain (Tyler 1994). 

He shou wu, a herhal formulation has been used for the treatment of skin tumors. For topical use, the powder is mixed with sesame oil and applied. He shou wu has been used for centuries to help maintain the youthful color of one s hair and also to help diminish hair loss. Holy basil contains ursolic acid (Fig. 7) — one of the cosmetic industry s latest favorites because not only does it quickly heal the skin, it also improves elasticity and removes wrinkles. It also shows benefits for preventing skin cancer. A poultice made from the herh is used topically for its antifungal and antibacterial actions. ... 

Native to tropical America, sweet potato (I. batatas) is a perennial morning glory vine that has been cultivated for over 5,000 years for its edible tubers in Mexico, Central and lowland South America, and the West Indies. Today, sweet potato is cultivated around the world, especially in developing countries (Plate 4). A decoction made from the leaves of this plant is used in folk remedies as a gargle to treat mouth and throat tumors, and poultices are prepared for inflammatory tumors (64). In Mexico, leaf decoctions are considered to be of cold nature , to reduce excessive body heat, contemporarily defined as such illnesses as diarrhea, dysentery, heart disease, stomach distress, fever, and gastrointestinal infection. In Chinese traditional medicine, the tubers have been used as a medicinal herb to eliminate secretion in perceived abnormal quantities of blood or other body fluids (79). 

These basic acetates are used in the manufacture of pigments in dyeing and printing fabrics, the aqueous solutions in medicine for washes and poultices in sugar analysis and as starting materials for preparing other lead salts. 

Cuba. Hot water extract of the seed is taken orally by males as an anaphrodisiac k Haiti. Decoction of the grilled fruit and leaf is taken orally for anemia, edema, asthenia, and rage. The fruit is taken orally for hepatitis and liver troubles. The soaked fruit is used externally for nervous shock. For headache, the leaf decoction is taken orally or the leaf is applied to the head h Mexico, The leaves are made into a poultice and used to treat fever . Hot water extract of the roasted seed is taken orally by nursing mothers to increase milk production h Nicaragua. Leaves are used externally for headache, and the hot water extract is taken orally for stomach pain . Decoction of the seed is taken orally for fever and used externally for cuts and hemorrhage L Peru. Hot water extract of the dried fruit is taken orally as a stimulant for sleepiness and drunkenness h Infusion of the leaf is taken orally to induce labor, and the hot water extract is taken orally as an antitus-sive in flu and lung ailments . 

Colombia. The Witotos and Boras used the fresh leaf as poultice over boils and infected wounds. The Tikuna men mix the crushed leaves with oil from palms and used as a hair treatment to prevent baldness. The juice is taken orally by the Tukanos to induce vomiting and narcosis . 

Peru. Decoction of the leaf with ayahuasca beverage (Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis) is taken orally for hallucinating effect during shamanic training. A diet of cooked plantain and smoked fish follows each use . Hot water extract of the dried flower and leaf is used externally for snake and spider bites . The Witotos and Boras used the fresh leaves as poultice over boils and infected wounds. The Tikuna men mix the crushed leaves with oil from palms as a hair dressing to prevent baldness. The Jivaros use the tobacco juice for indisposition, cold, chills, and snake bites and to treat pulmonary ailments ... 

TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL USES India. Decoction of dried seeds is taken orally for diarrhea " " and as a demul-cent . Seeds are taken externally as an emollient poultice, for constipations, and for gastric complaints " . 

Poultice. A moist, usually warm or hot mass of plant material applied to the skin, or with cloth between the skin and plant material, to effect a medicinal action. 

Vulnerary. An agent used for healing wounds, fresh cuts, etc., usually used as a poultice. 

Poultices are paste like preparation for external application to reduce inflammation due to its heat retaining capacity. After heating, the preparation is spread thickly on a dressing gauze and applied as hot as patient can bear it, to the affected area. 

Cataplasma Amyli BPC Starch poultice Used as a substitute for the domestic bread poultice for application to small superficial ulcerations. 

Acidi Borici BPC acid poultice An antiseptic poultice for application to ulcerated wounds. 

Aleurites moluceanu (L.) Willd. Shi Li (China wood oil) (bark, seed) Protein, carotene, thiamine.50 This herb is toxic. As poultice for fever, headache, swollen joints, and ulcer. 

Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg. Mian Bao Shu (bark) Triterpenes, beta-amyrin acetate, lupeol acetate.60 Poultice for ulcers. 

Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. f.) Under. Mang Ji (leaf, stem) Quercitrin, afzelin, nonacosane, heptacosane, nonacosan-10-one, nonacosan-10-ol.54 Anthelmintic, a poultice for fever, improve blood circulation, diuretic. 

Erycibe henryi Prain E. aenea Prain Ding Gong Teng (leaf, stem, root) Scopoline, erycbelline, scopoletin,56 Leaf poultices applied to sores and to the head to treat headache, treat arthritis, swelling, pain. 

Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lamarck. Shui Xian Cao (seed) Bomeol, bornyl acetate, 1-camphor, linalool, nerolidol.49 Stomachic, mouthwash to relieve toothache, as a poultice to heal wounds, small sores. 

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. //. rhombifolius Cav. Zhu Jin Chuan Jin Pi (Rose of China) (leaf, flower) Protein, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, cyandidin-3-sophoroside.50 Used as poultice on cancerous swellings and mumps. 

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