Boil-over

In crude oil, nitrogen is found mostly in fractions boiling over 250°C and is particularly concentrated in resins and asphaltenes. Nitrogen takes the following forms / to). ... 

Dissolve 5 g. of aniline hydrochloride in 120 ml. of hot water contained in a 200 ml. conical flask and then add 4 g. of potassium cyanate. Heat the solution on a water-bath for 30 minutes, adding about 1-2 g. of animal charcoal towards the end of the heating if a slight turbidity has developed. Now bring the solution quickly to the boil over a gauze, and filter it at the pump, using a Buchner funnel and flask which have been preheated by the filtration of some boiling distilled water. The clear... 

Petroleums or petrols are used as solvents and are usually supplied as fractions boiling over the following ranges 40-60 , 60-80 , 8o-too , 100-120 . 

One of the hydroxybenzoic acids is known by the common name salicylic acid Its methyl ester methyl salicylate occurs in oil of wintergreen Methyl salicylate boils over 50°C lower than either of the other two methyl hydroxybenzoates What is the structure of methyl salicylate Why is its boiling point so much lower than that of either of its regioisomers ... 

Technical furfural (sp. g. 1.15) was used in this preparation. It boiled over a range of 140-160 and contained about 2 per cent water. 

From the first fractionation a fraction boiling over a 20° range is taken as crude ketone e.g., at 28-30 mm. the fraction is taken which boils at 145-165°. Much trouble is... 

At times the reaction is slow in starting. Not more than 50-60 g. of benzyl chloride is added at first, and the mixture is heated until the evolution of hydrochloric acid indicates that the reaction is under way. If too much benzyl chloride is present when the reaction starts, the contents of the flask may boil over. 

Note 2) and weighs 95-100 g. A small amount (5-10 g.) of high-boiling material remains. The crude product on refractionation yields 93-98 g. (54-57 per cent of the theoretical amount) of pure tetramethylene chlorohydrin boiling over a one-degree interval, 8r-82°/i4 mm. or 70-71 /7 mm. (Notes 3 and 4). 

The diethyl malonate used boiled over a 2° range. 

Contact of water with molten metals or salts or hot oil (above 100°C at atmospheric pressure) can result in a steam explosion , or a boil-over , with ejection of process materials. Similar effects occur with other volatile liquids. 

Schwer-benzin, n. heavy gasoline (boiling over 100-120° C.), heavy petrol, -benzol, n. heavy benzol (boiling at about 160-200° C.). -betrieb, m. heavy operation, heavy duty, -blelerz, n. plattnerlte. 

Uberkippen, v.t. tip over, overturn, ttberkiste, /. outside box or case, uber-klotzen, v.t. (Calico) slop-pad. -kochen v.i. boil over, — v.t. overboil. 

After the furfurel has all been added and the reaction has subsided, the residue is cooled, diluted with water, made strongly alkaline and distilled until all volatile substances are removed. The distillate is then made acid with formic acid and distilled with steam as long as nonbasic substances are carried over by the steam. The residue is then made strongly basic with caustic soda and the volatile amines again distilled with steem. The distillate is then treated with strong alkali and then extracted with ether to extract the base. The extract is dried by the addition of caustic potash, the ether removed and the residual amine purified by distillation. Furfuryl dimethyl amine boils over the range 145°C to 150°C. 

A solution of 82 parts by weight of 7-chloromethyl-pyridine-hydrochloride in 60 parts of water is added dropwise, at 0 to 5°C, to 250 parts by weight of a 50% aqueous ethyl amine solution. The mixture is stirred for 1 hour at 60°C, whereupon it is cooled down and separated in the cold with solid potassium hydroxide. The oil formed is separated off, dried over potassium hydroxide and distilled. The ethyl-(7-picolyl)-amine formed boils over at 103° to 104°C under a pressure of 13 mm Hg. Its dihydrochloride melts at 198° to 200°C. 

The distillation also provides information about the fractions that boil over 900°F (482°C). These fractions provide an indication of the... 

A freshly distilled product boiling over a 30 range was used. 

The raw material, R, which is not pure, is transformed into A by reaction / —> A + 5. The content of A in crude A is 90.7 %. The laboratory recipe is as follows (1) Dissolve raw material 50 g of / is dissolved in 250 cm (197 g) ethanol at room temperature, while stirring. The required time is approximately 1 h. (2) Reaction In a 1 dm flask, put 250 cm (197 g) of ethanol, and heat to boiling. Over a period of 3 h, let the solution of R drop into the flask, while keeping the ethanol boiling. During the reaction, S is lost as a gas through a cooled trap. There is so much froth that the flask is completely filled. Information about the heat of reaction is not available. At the end of the reaction, cool down the solution of crude A to 40 "C. 25 g of crude A in solution is obtained. Usual precautions must be taken when working with ethanol. Waste-gas purification is required for ethanol. 

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